Verification of electron beam therapy with conventional and storage phosphor images: Preliminary experience

Filmless Evaluation of the Mechanical Accuracy of the Isocenter in Stereotactic Radiotherapy

“…Such alternative techniques are electronic portal imaging devices [1,3,5,7,11,20,23,35] or the digital luminescence radiography [2,4,13,16,17,32,37].…”

Portal Verification of High-Energy Electron Beams Using their Photon Contamination by Film-Cassette Systems

“…In linear accelerators with scatter foils most of the contaminating photons originate in the foil, i.e., in nearly the same position as the target in the photon mode and with a size of the focal spot comparable to the photon mode [3]. The contaminant photons in the electron beam can be detected and documented using standard clinical verification equipment for photon beams, i.e., film-cassette systems, electronic portal imaging devices [4,5,26,31], digital luminescence radiography [13,36,38] or the verification using the photon mode of the accelerator [23]. A comparison of the different techniques for electron portal verification is given in [10].…”

“…Only few reports on portal verification of electron beams using film-cassette systems have been published so far [12,13,20,21]. Recently, a film-cassette system equipped with intensifying screens that enhance the contrast of portal images of high-energy photon beams was introduced [14,16,27].…”

Portal Verification Using the KODAK ACR 2000 RT Storage Phosphor Plate System and EC® Films

“…Screen-film systems [10,24,27,36,38], the digital luminescence radiography [3,7,14,20,32,33,39], or electronic portal imaging devices [2, 6, 8-10, 17, 19, 21, 27, 29, 30, 34, 35] are used for the imaging of photon portals. Verification images of electron portals can also be generated using their photon contamination [4,12,13,15,22,24,37,39].…”