Vermicomposting and bioconversion approaches towards the sustainable utilization of palm oil mill waste

Rupani, Parveen Fatemeh; Zabed, Hossain M.; Domínguez, Jorge

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85792-5.00003-4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Among the feedstocks, palm kernel shell (PKS) from these palm oil mills is underutilized and a nuisance to the community (Oti et al, 2017). The waste generated by the global palm oil industry contains more than 70% PKS, making disposal difficult (Abdul Malek et al, 2020;Rupani et al, 2022). This waste must be disposed of properly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that green diesel is the most effective way to keep the PKS from becoming a nuisance. Rupani et al (2022) attributed the palm kernel shell oil (PKSO)'s suitability to its superior fuel properties and prominent lauric feature compared to average lignocellulosic biomass. Sugarcane bagasse biochar (Hidayat et al, 2021) have been used to develop catalysts for BPR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost, Emission, and Thermo-Physical Determination of Heterogeneous Biodiesel from Palm Kernel Shell Oil: Optimization of Tropical Egg Shell Catalyst

Effiom,

Abam,

Effiom

et al. 2023

Indonesian J. Sci. Technol

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The advantages of reusability, lower cost, and environmentally friendly operation have made the heterogeneous catalyzed methylic process a preferable alternative to the homogeneously catalyzed protocol. The optimal production yield of palm kernel shell oil (PKSO) methyl ester (PKSOME) was modeled using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The cost of PKSOME was determined, and the synthesized PKSOME was blended with diesel fuel with various volume ratios. Several analyses were done, including thermophysical properties using ASTM test methods, density and viscosity, fire point and flash point, aniline point, and acid value. Emission characteristics such as exhaust smoke, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide were measured using an IC engine. The use of waste eggshells for heterogeneously catalyzed biodiesel from underutilized PKSO for green diesel can reduce production costs even further. The green biodiesel model and TP correlations have applications in the biodiesel and aviation industries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%