Vermicomposting in Turkey: Challenges and opportunities in future

Abstract

Turkey has been undergoing positive agricultural transformations since the 2011. Its agricultural sector today is developing new techniques and products. One of the best examples of this is the production of vermicompost and its use in agriculture. Turkey is on both Asian and European continents (Eurasia) with approximately 81 million people. Turkey has 24 million hectares of agriculture land (excluding pastures+ meadows, including total arable land and under permanent crops). However, there is little data available on vermicompost production in Turkey. The production of vermicompost started after 2011. The average solid vermicompost production in 2017 was about 20000 tonnes produced by 15 plants with official production permits by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. New legislation in Turkey published in legislative review no 30341 in February 2018 regulates the industry. Turkey aims to be among the top three producers of this fertility amendment by 2023. In addition to the officially sanctioned operations, there are approximately 4200 unauthorized vermicompost producers in Turkey. Interest in and production of vermicompost is likely going to increase. Research showed that there are many positive effects on soil quality and plant growth, although the mechanisms by which it improves the soil-plant systems are not yet fully understood. The use of vermicompost is important for the sustainability of agriculture. The main aim of the paper is to demonstrate and share reasonable causes for the increased interest in vermicompost and earthworms.

Organic Cowpea “Vigna unguiculatea” Production by Smart Agritechnique of Organic Fertilizers Mixture ”OFM” and Vermitea Levels and Beneficial Microbes “BM”

“…As well as, B.M. were caused not only dissolving P and K, fix the atmospheric N, but also stimulate the growth regulators and hormones "auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins" production to enhance the beneficial microbes "microbial communities" to inhibit the soil borne pathogens (Birla et al, 2018;Bellitürk, 2018;Al Ali et al, 2019 andSoraya et al, 2020) and increase plant defense, healthy growth and quality food. These are agreement with (Ragab et al, 2016;Lyngdoh et al, 2017;Piya et al, 2018;Htwe et al, 2019 andUmadevi et al, 2019).…”

Efficiency Response of Vermicompost and Vermitea Levels on Growth and Yield of Eggplant (Solanum melongena, L.)

“…of vermicompost and vermitea (4 times as a soil drench).In the same trend Al Ali et al (2019), gave that organic applications had a significant (p<0.05) on eggplant yield and plant vegetation growth, so that the highest yield at organic fertilizers and the lowest total yield at chemical fertilizers. In the same line many researchers, (Seethalakshmi, 2011;Gandhi and Sundar, 2012;Sundararasu and Jeyasankar, 2014;Singh and Hussain, 2015and Piya et al, 2018and Bellitürk, 2018 reported that. They found the use of vermicompost improves the soil aggregates, bulk density, water holding capacity, organic matter, maro and micronutrients, microbial properties (enzymes and microbial population).…”

“…Vermitea can be economically, productivity suitable for healthy plant growth, increased the fruit quality, yield and for enhancement the soil environment (Gandhi and Sundari, 2012;Sundararasu and Jeyasankar, 2014and Belliturk et al, 2017and Soraya et al, 2020.These reported that, significant increases in growth and yield of treated plants with vermitea, due to high available amounts of macro and micro-elements in vermitea. Positive effect of vermicompost at 5t/ha either or combination with FYM or chemical fertilizers lead to enhance the vegetation, flowering, fruiting stage, total yield and food quality of eggplants (Seethalakshmi,2011and Chaulagain et al,2017and Bellitürk, 2018. Similarly, Al Ali et al (2019), reported that organic fertilizers e.g.…”

“…enzymes and microbial population (Piya et al, 2018). Vermicompost is as (organic fertilizer + biofertilizer + biopesticides), lead to organic agricultural system, which is a sustainable alternative to conventional system for environmental protection (Bellitürk, 2018 ;Piya et al, 2018and Al Ali et al, 2019and Soraya et al, 2020. Vermitea is successfully used in raising crop productivity, maintain good quality of vegetables.…”

Vermisüspansiyon uygulamalarının biber (Capsicum annum L. Solanaceae) üzerinde beslenen Yeşil şeftali yaprakbiti [(Myzus (N.) persicae Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)]’nin popülasyon gelişimi üzerine etkileri

“…Solucan gübrelerindeki yararlı mikroorganizmaların biyolojik aktivitesinin topraktakinden 10 ila 20 kat daha fazla olduğu belirtilmiştir (Edwards 1995). Organik içerikli biogübre, sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilir toprak anlayışını desteklemesi açısından kimyasal gübrelere iyi bir alternatif olarak gündeme gelmektedir (Bellitürk 2018, Bellitürk et al 2017, Mengistu et al 2017. Ek olarak Sinha et al (2010), kimyasal gübrelerin yerine vermikompost kullanımının "İkinci Yeşil Devrim" olarak nitelendirilebileceğini belirtmiştir.…”