Vermiform Appendix Incarcerated in Spigelian Aponevrosis Defect (VAISAD hernia)

Abstract

Spigelian hernia (SH) is infrequent accounting less than 2% of all abdominal hernias. The presence of vermiform appendix within the hernial sac is of further peculiarity. While the authors who first described inguinal hernia containing the appendix (Amiand’s hernia) and femoral hernia containing the appendix (De Garengeot’s hernia) are well known and their name was given to the disease, SH containing the vermiform appendix has no specific name. This study provides a literature search on this topic and a review of the available case reports is conducted. A description of a clinical case of an incarcerated SH in which the vermiform appendix was located within the hernial sac is presented with attached the video of its mini-invasive surgical treatment. Based on literature findings, an attempt is made to give a specific name to this condition (Vermiform Appendix Incarcerated in Spigelian Aponevrosis Defect) using the acronym VAISAD hernia, in such a way so that it can be specifically and easily searched. Moreover, a classification of its severity and related complications, similarly to what was done for Amiand’s hernia, is carried out in order to establish the optimal approach in the surgical treatment case by case.