Vernacular Politics Revisited: The Role of Ulama in the 2020 Simultaneous Local Elections in Indonesia

Abstract

Ulama is a vernacular social group with a strategic position in the community, comprised especially of groups of religious people. This research examines the political role of Ulama. It focuses on the political role of Ulama, and their preparation, and implementation of the 2020 Simultaneous Regional Elections. Although Ulama is a grassroot level social group, it is associated with winning the candidacy for the Regional Head Candidate position who then becomes a contestant.This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach as a method. To obtain data, in-depth interviews were conducted with three informants in October-November 2023. The research was conducted in two provinces that held the 2020 simultaneous regional elections: North Sumatra and West Sumatra. The results of the analyses are interpreted and validated into propositions to be drawn into conclusions and recommendations.The research uncovers a dilemma in the relationship between the clerics and the politicians. On the one hand, Ulama maintains political morals, but on the other hand, many Ulama are carried away by political currents. Four types of people can win a regional head candidacy: political parties, respected community leaders and Ulama, who support and influence power. The fourth is power and money as political ammunition. However, some regions, such as the West Sumatra Province value the role of Ulama and community leaders. Ulama's impact on a leader's success can be positive or negative. Positive impacts include policies that benefit the community, while negative impacts include policies that do not include the Ulama's views.