Versatile magnetic hydrogel soft capsule microrobots for targeted delivery

Xu, Zichen; Wu, Zehao; Yuan, Mingzhe; Chen, Yuanhe; Ge, Wei; Xu, Qingsong

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106727

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Due to the constraints imposed by fabrication methods and the distinct physical phenomena dictated by low-Reynolds-number hydrodynamics at the microscale, reducing macroscopic actuation mechanisms for generating microscale motion is often impractical [132].…”

Section: Design Of Magnetic Microrobotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Recent Developments in Magnetic Microrobots for Micro-/Nano-Manipulation

Xu,

2024

Micromachines

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Magnetically actuated microrobots have become a research hotspot in recent years due to their tiny size, untethered control, and rapid response capability. Moreover, an increasing number of researchers are applying them for micro-/nano-manipulation in the biomedical field. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in magnetic microrobots, focusing on materials, propulsion mechanisms, design strategies, fabrication techniques, and diverse micro-/nano-manipulation applications. The exploration of magnetic materials, biosafety considerations, and propulsion methods serves as a foundation for the diverse designs discussed in this review. The paper delves into the design categories, encompassing helical, surface, ciliary, scaffold, and biohybrid microrobots, with each demonstrating unique capabilities. Furthermore, various fabrication techniques, including direct laser writing, glancing angle deposition, biotemplating synthesis, template-assisted electrochemical deposition, and magnetic self-assembly, are examined owing to their contributions to the realization of magnetic microrobots. The potential impact of magnetic microrobots across multidisciplinary domains is presented through various application areas, such as drug delivery, minimally invasive surgery, cell manipulation, and environmental remediation. This review highlights a comprehensive summary of the current challenges, hurdles to overcome, and future directions in magnetic microrobot research across different fields.

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Section: Design Of Magnetic Microrobotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Recent Developments in Magnetic Microrobots for Micro-/Nano-Manipulation

Xu,

2024

Micromachines

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“…In addition to optical applications, another potential trend of 4DM/NRs is the interdisciplinary application in bio-science [ 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 ]. To enable more intricate micro/nano cargo manipulation, such as encapsulation and release, in biological settings, it is crucial to equip microrobots with the ability to adapt and morph their shapes in dynamic environments ( Figure 10 ).…”

Section: Prospective Future and Applications Of 4dm/nrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-Dimensional Micro/Nanorobots via Laser Photochemical Synthesis towards the Molecular Scale

Tao,

Lin,

Ren

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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Miniaturized four-dimensional (4D) micro/nanorobots denote a forerunning technique associated with interdisciplinary applications, such as in embeddable labs-on-chip, metamaterials, tissue engineering, cell manipulation, and tiny robotics. With emerging smart interactive materials, static micro/nanoscale architectures have upgraded to the fourth dimension, evincing time-dependent shape/property mutation. Molecular-level 4D robotics promises complex sensing, self-adaption, transformation, and responsiveness to stimuli for highly valued functionalities. To precisely control 4D behaviors, current-laser-induced photochemical additive manufacturing, such as digital light projection, stereolithography, and two-photon polymerization, is pursuing high-freeform shape-reconfigurable capacities and high-resolution spatiotemporal programming strategies, which challenge multi-field sciences while offering new opportunities. Herein, this review summarizes the recent development of micro/nano 4D laser photochemical manufacturing, incorporating active materials and shape-programming strategies to provide an envisioning of these miniaturized 4D micro/nanorobots. A comparison with other chemical/physical fabricated micro/nanorobots further explains the advantages and potential usage of laser-synthesized micro/nanorobots.

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“…However, they are challenging to achieve controllable release in the deep digestive tract due to the defects of low conductivity of acoustic field and low penetration of light. Recently, our group utilized an alternating magnetic field with a high magnetic gradient to achieve a controllable release of the magnetic hydrogel microrobot in deeper regions (Xu et al, 2023). After the breakage of the capsule's shell, the drug tends to be affected by external environments within the digestive system, which reduces the therapy efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic multilayer hydrogel oral microrobots for digestive tract treatment

Xu,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Front. Robot. AI

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Oral administration is a convenient drug delivery method in our daily lives. However, it remains a challenge to achieve precise target delivery and ensure the efficacy of medications in extreme environments within the digestive system with complex environments. This paper proposes an oral multilayer magnetic hydrogel microrobot for targeted delivery and on-demand release driven by a gradient magnetic field. The inner hydrogel shells enclose designated drugs and magnetic microparticles. The outer hydrogel shells enclose the inner hydrogel shells, magnetic microparticles, and pH neutralizers. The drug release procedure is remotely implemented layer-by-layer. When the required gradient magnetic field is applied, the outer hydrogel shells are destroyed to release their inclusions. The enclosed pH neutralizers scour the surrounding environment to avoid damaging drugs by the pH environment. Subsequently, the inner hydrogel shells are destroyed to release the drugs. A set of experiments are conducted to demonstrate the wirelessly controllable target delivery and release in a Petri dish and biological tissues. The results demonstrated attractive advantages of the reported microrobot in microcargo delivery with almost no loss, remote controllable release, and drug protection by the pH neutralizers. It is a promising approach to advance next-generation precision oral therapies in the digestive system.

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Versatile magnetic hydrogel soft capsule microrobots for targeted delivery

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

A Survey of Recent Developments in Magnetic Microrobots for Micro-/Nano-Manipulation

A Survey of Recent Developments in Magnetic Microrobots for Micro-/Nano-Manipulation

Four-Dimensional Micro/Nanorobots via Laser Photochemical Synthesis towards the Molecular Scale

Magnetic multilayer hydrogel oral microrobots for digestive tract treatment

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