Versatile self-assembled electrospun micropyramid arrays for high-performance on-skin devices with minimal sensory interference

Abstract

On-skin devices that show both high performance and imperceptibility are desired for physiological information detection, individual protection, and bioenergy conversion with minimal sensory interference. Herein, versatile electrospun micropyramid arrays (EMPAs) combined with ultrathin, ultralight, gas-permeable structures are developed through a self-assembly technology based on wet heterostructured electrified jets to endow various on-skin devices with both superior performance and imperceptibility. The designable self-assembly allows structural and material optimization of EMPAs for on-skin devices applied in daytime radiative cooling, pressure sensing, and bioenergy harvesting. A temperature drop of ~4 °C is obtained via an EMPA-based radiative cooling fabric under a solar intensity of 1 kW m–2. Moreover, detection of an ultraweak fingertip pulse for health diagnosis during monitoring of natural finger manipulation over a wide frequency range is realized by an EMPA piezocapacitive-triboelectric hybrid sensor, which has high sensitivity (19 kPa−1), ultralow detection limit (0.05 Pa), and ultrafast response (≤0.8 ms). Additionally, EMPA nanogenerators with high triboelectric and piezoelectric outputs achieve reliable biomechanical energy harvesting. The flexible self-assembly of EMPAs exhibits immense potential in superb individual healthcare and excellent human-machine interaction in an interference-free and comfortable manner.

Triptycene-Based Polymer-Incorporated CdxZn1–xS Nanorod with Enhanced Interfacial Charge Transfer for Stable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production in Seawater

“…Compared with pristine TCP, the TCP@CZS composites display a broadened absorption in the visible-light region, which promotes light-harvesting, thus resulting in more photoinduced electron–hole pairs . The resulting band gap values ( E g ) of Cd 0.6 Zn 0.4 S, TCP, and TCP@CZS are obtained from the Tauc plot of (α h ν) 1/2 versus ( h ν), − in which E g values of Cd 0.6 Zn 0.4 S and TCP are estimated to be 2.30 and 3.02 eV, respectively.…”

An Overview of Flexible Sensors: Development, Application, and Challenges

“…The artificially manufactured structures usually involve, but are not limited to, pillars ( Figure 5 b) [ 116 ], pyramids ( Figure 5 c) [ 88 ], and convex arrays ( Figure 5 d) [ 117 ]. Xiong et al designed a type of convex microarray based on polystyrene (PS) microspheres [ 89 ].…”

“… ( a ) Schematic diagram of a finger-shaped sensor (reproduced with permission from [ 111 ]); scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of ( b ) porous RGO foam (reproduced with permission from [ 115 ]); ( c ) micropillars (reproduced with permission from [ 116 ]); ( d ) micropyramids (reproduced with permission from [ 88 ]); ( e ) microconvex arrays (reproduced with permission from [ 89 ]); ( f ) schematic diagram of the architecture of GIA (reproduced with permission from [ 90 ]). …”

Toward a new generation of permeable skin electronics

“…A large number of gas-permeable skin-mountable electronics have been developed using the electrospun nanofibre-based approach on such polymer materials. 31,73,80,81 Here, we will discuss electrospun nanofibres as the sacrificial layer and/or the support scaffold layer for preparing breathable skin-mountable electronics.…”