Vertebral formula and congenital abnormalities of the vertebral column in rabbits

Proks, Pavel; Stehlík, Ladislav; Nývltová, Ivana; Nečas, Alois; Vignoli, Massimo; Jekl, Vladimír

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.04.016

Cited by 14 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that there is considerable variation in the vertebral formula in rabbits (Proks et al . ), and that the number of lumbar vertebra will impact the distance from L1 to the coxofemoral joint. Our study also found a more specific association with small intestinal obstruction based on the caudal extent of the gastric wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, a comparison between the summed length and width of the stomach with the length from the first lumbar vertebrae to the coxofemoral joint was highly sensitive for intestinal obstruction, although this feature will need to be evaluated in another sample population to confirm its validity. It is noteworthy that there is considerable variation in the vertebral formula in rabbits (Proks et al 2018), and that the number of lumbar vertebra will impact the distance from L1 to the coxofemoral joint. Our study also found a more specific association with small intestinal obstruction based on the caudal extent of the gastric wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiographic diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 63 cases

Debenham

Brinchmann

Sheen³

et al. 2019

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objectives To identify radiographic features that can be used to aid in the diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction in pet rabbits. Materials and Methods Retrospective study comparing radiographic features of 63 cases of confirmed intestinal obstruction with 50 abdominal radiographs taken of rabbits without gastrointestinal disease. Abdominal radiographs were examined for gastric size, gastric contents, small intestinal dilatation and gas within the large intestine and caecum. Results Gastric size, gastric contents, small intestinal dilatation and gas within the large intestine and caecum were all features that differed between rabbits with small intestinal obstruction and rabbits without gastrointestinal disease. Radiographic features associated with small intestinal obstruction included severe gastric dilation, gastric contents primarily consisting of liquid and gas, small intestinal dilation and absence of large amounts of gas in the caecum and large intestine. Clinical Significance Observation on gastric size, small intestinal dilatation and gas within the large intestine and caecum aid in radiological diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction in rabbits and so can guide appropriate treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 63 cases

Debenham

Brinchmann

Sheen³

et al. 2019

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…Variations of the vertebral formula are observed in this study. Numerical variants of the vertebral column are common in other mammals, most frequently observed in the thoracic and lumbar segments of ferrets (Proks et al., 2015) and of rabbits (Proks et al., 2018). Our study shows a variation in the number of the lumbar vertebrae, encountered in five of the examined specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study shows a variation in the number of the lumbar vertebrae, encountered in five of the examined specimens. Proks et al (2018) defined a block vertebra as failure of vertebral segmentation resulting in partial or complete fusion of two or more vertebrae. The block vertebra is considered a form of congenital vertebral anomalies in small animals (Newitt, German, & Barr, 2008;Westworth & Sturges, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Osteology and radiology of the vertebral column in the white‐eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris)

Inamassu

Schimming

Dadalto

et al. 2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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The white‐eared opossum present a higher roadkill number in Brazil, and the vertebral column is often affected when some type of trauma occurs. Thus, this study describes the osteology and radiology of the vertebral column in white‐eared opossum to serve as a basis for support in the veterinary clinical care, since the casuistry of care of this marsupial has increased every year. Radiographs of the cervical (C), thoracic (T), lumbar (L), sacral (S) and caudal (Cd) segments of the vertebral column were taken in thirty‐five white‐eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris). Furthermore, ten opossums without evident vertebral acquired or congenital abnormalities at the radiographic study were selected for anatomical study. Osteology was correlated with the radiographic images. The use of radiographs allowed the identification of congenital and acquired vertebral changes, as well as the identification of anatomical structures, their distribution and morphology and the number of vertebrae. The vertebral formula varied in the white‐eared opossum. In 27 of 35 white‐eared opossums (77.2%) with normal vertebral morphology, three vertebral formulas were observed: C7/T13/L6/S2 (62.9%), C7/T13/L5/S2 (5.7%) and C7/T13/L7/S2 (8.6%). Most of the specimens presented 27 caudal vertebrae. The anticlinal vertebra was identified as T10 in 77.2% and T11 in 22.8% of opossums. Cervical block vertebra was observed in two animals and sacrocaudal block vertebra in one animal. The haemal arches could be seen from Cd3–Cd4 in 80% and Cd2–Cd3 in 20% of opossums. The white‐eared opossum showed a slender vertebral column with a relatively short thoracic region, a relatively long lumbar region and a highly flexible lumbosacral transition, suggesting that this animal is a fast‐running and agile opossum. Therefore, these findings may serve as a basis for further research and support the veterinary clinical care, since the casuistry of care for this marsupial has increased every year.

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Evaluation of thoracic vertebrae in healthy White New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus): Computed tomographic and morphometric study

Soroori

Zehtabvar

Shateri

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Computed tomography currently has a prominent role in diagnosis and evaluation of vertebral column. On the other hand, a thorough knowledge about vertebral column property in normal state is prerequisite an accurate diagnosis of different abnormalities in this region. Objective The purpose of this study was to present a complete and exact descriptive and morphometric evaluation of thoracic vertebrae in rabbits with computed tomography. In images which were constructed by CT, several structures and different parts of the thoracic vertebrae have been named. Methods Ten healthy, mature, White New Zealand rabbits were evaluated. The morphologic and morphometric parameters of the thoracic vertebrae were studied. In this study, several parameters of thoracic vertebrae, such as vertebral body height, spinous process height, transverse process length, transverse process width, etc., were measured by computed tomography. Results Some parameters, such as spinal canal height, spinal canal width, pedicle length, pedicle width, end plate width, and endplate height, had no significant difference through thoracic vertebrae but other parameters, such as vertebral body height, transverse process length, transverse process width, spinous process angle, transverse process angle, and vertebral body length, had a significant difference. Conclusions In this study, a comprehensive anatomic atlas of CT anatomy of the thoracic vertebrae was produced for use by veterinary radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons. Finally, we must mention these two important points: (1) Many of the differences observed between rabbits and humans are based on the way the trunks of these two creatures are located on the ground and the differences in the way their bodies move. (2) In studies that are done by modelling humans on animals, it should be noted that the terms used in animal anatomy are different and the names are used using the principles of veterinary anatomy.

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Vertebral formula and congenital abnormalities of the vertebral column in rabbits

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Radiographic diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 63 cases

Radiographic diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 63 cases

Osteology and radiology of the vertebral column in the white‐eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris)

Evaluation of thoracic vertebrae in healthy White New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus): Computed tomographic and morphometric study

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