Vertebral morphology of Nacholapithecus kerioi based on KNM-BG 35250

Nakatsukasa, Masato; Kunimatsu, Yutaka; Nakano, Yukiko I.; Ishida, Hidemi

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.08.008

Cited by 51 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…enlarged medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity) that suggest a greater role of orthograde climbing in N. kerioi. Later studies of the shoulder girdle, phalanges, and vertebral column of KNM-BG 35250 (Nakatsukasa et al, 2003(Nakatsukasa et al, , 2007bSenut et al, 2004) generally support these earlier conclusions. The present study aims to retest the interpretation by Rose et al (1996) using new materials and to unveil characteristics that were unknown in the previously available specimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Hind limb of the <i>Nacholapithecus kerioi</i> holotype and implications for its positional behavior

Nakatsukasa

Kunimatsu

Shimizu

et al. 2012

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We present the definitive description of the hind limb elements of the Nacholapithecus kerioi holotype (KNM-BG 35250) from the middle Miocene of Kenya. Previously, it has been noted that the postcranial (i.e. the phalanges, spine, and shoulder girdle) anatomy of N. kerioi shows greater affinity to other early/middle Miocene African hominoids, collectively called 'non-specialized pronograde arboreal quadrupeds,' than to extant hominoids. This was also the case for the hind limb. However, N. kerioi exhibits a unique combination of postcranial characters that distinguish this species from other early/middle Miocene African hominoids. The femoral neck has a high angle, but is relatively short, though the adaptive meaning of this form is not readily understood. In the distal femur, the shape of the patellar surface and symmetry of the femoral condylar widths suggest that the knee was not typically abducted but assumed more variable movements and/or postures. Whereas the morphologies of the talocrural and intertarsal joints are generally similar to those of the other fossil hominoids, the tibial malleolus is extremely thick and asymmetry of the talar trochlea groove is more emphasized due to a more prominent lateral trochlear rim than in Proconsul and other African fossil hominoids. The distal foot segment is more elongated. The (non-hallucal) metatarsals appear relatively gracile due to the elongation. The proximal joints of these metatarsals are, nonetheless, large. Ligamentous attachments of the tarsal/metatarsal bones are generally well developed. The distal tarsal row, which is represented only by the medial cuneiform, though, is extremely large for the presumed body mass. In terms of function, the femur, ankle, and tarsal joints are interpreted behaviorally to represent a slow-moving arboreal quadruped. However, the foot of N. kerioi appears to be more specialized for inverted grasping and subvertical support use. All of these foot features are suggestive of a greater role for antipronograde activities in N. kerioi relative to other Miocene 'pronograde arboreal quadrupeds.'

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Hind limb of the <i>Nacholapithecus kerioi</i> holotype and implications for its positional behavior

Nakatsukasa

Kunimatsu

Shimizu

et al. 2012

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“…Clearly, primates of this size, living in relatively open canopy woodlands, would have had to spend part of their time on the ground. The thick enamel of their teeth suggest a harder, coarser fruit and nut diet compared with proconsulids (Tekkaya, 1974;Alpagut et al, 1990Alpagut et al, , 1996Teaford, 1988Teaford, , 1991Harrison, 1992;McCrossin and Benefit, 1997;McCrossin et al, 1998;Nakatsukasa et al, 1998Nakatsukasa et al, , 2007Begun and Güleç, 1998;King et al, 1999;Ishida et al, 1999Ishida et al, , 2004Ward, 1993;Ward et al, 1995;Kelley et al, 2000Kelley et al, , 2002Kelley et al, , 2008Kelley, 2002Kelley, , 2008Ungar, 2007;Ersoy et al, 2008;Nakatsukasa, 2008).…”

Section: Morphology Of Fossil Apesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibbons and hominoid ancestry

Andrews¹,

Johnson²

2015

Taxonomic Tapestries: The Threads of Evolutionary, Behavioural and Conservation Research

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“…Middle Miocene Nacholapithecus kerioi (Kenya; ∼15-16 Ma) preserves a fragmentary ischium that provides minimal information about torso anatomy, although other postcranial features suggest a narrow torso and predominantly pronograde positional behavior (40)(41)(42)(43). Like Proconsul, Nacholapithecus lacked a tail (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A partial hominoid innominate from the Miocene of Pakistan: Description and preliminary analyses

Morgan

Lewton

Kelley

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We describe a partial innominate, YGSP 41216, from a 12.3 Ma locality in the Siwalik Group of the Potwar Plateau in Pakistan, assigned to the Middle Miocene ape species Sivapithecus indicus. We investigate the implications of its morphology for reconstructing positional behavior of this ape. Postcranial anatomy of extant catarrhines falls into two distinct groups, particularly for torso shape. To an extent this reflects different although variable and overlapping positional repertoires: pronograde quadrupedalism for cercopithecoids and orthogrady for hominoids. The YGSP innominate (hipbone) is from a primate with a narrow torso, resembling most extant monkeys and differing from the broader torsos of extant apes. Other postcranial material of S. indicus and its younger and similar congener Sivapithecus sivalensis also supports reconstruction of a hominoid with a positional repertoire more similar to the pronograde quadrupedal patterns of most monkeys than to the orthograde patterns of apes. However, Sivapithecus postcranial morphology differs in many details from any extant species. We reconstruct a slow-moving, deliberate, arboreal animal, primarily traveling above supports but also frequently engaging in antipronograde behaviors. There are no obvious synapomorphic postcranial features shared exclusively with any extant crown hominid, including Pongo.Sivapithecus | innominate | Miocene hominoid | torso shape | positional behavior

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Vertebral morphology of Nacholapithecus kerioi based on KNM-BG 35250

Cited by 51 publications

References 55 publications

Hind limb of the <i>Nacholapithecus kerioi</i> holotype and implications for its positional behavior

Hind limb of the <i>Nacholapithecus kerioi</i> holotype and implications for its positional behavior

Gibbons and hominoid ancestry

A partial hominoid innominate from the Miocene of Pakistan: Description and preliminary analyses

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