Vertebral scale system to measure heart size in radiographs of cats

Litster, Annette; Buchanan, James W.

doi:10.2460/javma.2000.216.210

Cited by 155 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…The VHS measurements (7.68±0.41v) obtained were smaller than the reference values for dogs (9.7±0.7v) (Sle- eper & Buchanan 2001) but similar to those referenced for adult cats (7.5±0.30v) (Litster & Buchanan 2000). This value was also lower than the VHS measured for the tamarin (9.42±0.44v) (Wagner & Kirberger 2005), porcupine (Black et al 2011) and bat (9.7±0.5v) (Gardner et al, 2007), but greater than that observed in ferrets (5.39±0.45 -LL projection) (Onuma et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Thoracic and heart biometrics of non-anesthetized agouti (Dasyprocta primnolopha Wagler, 1831) measured on radiographic images

et al. 2013

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The agouti is a species intensively hunted throughout the Amazon and the semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil. Considering the current trend in conservation management of wild species, the aim of this study was to determine the morphometric reference to the heart of agouti raised in captivity, based on thoracic and cardiac measurements in these animals. Thirty adult agoutis, 1 to 3 years of age, without clinical signs of cardiac disease were selected. The animals were physically restrained and radiographies in laterolateral (LL) and ventrodorsal (VD) recumbence were produced. The following measures were taken: the apicobasilar length of the heart (at the most cranial height of the Carina region to the heart apex) (AB), maximum width of the heart perpendicular to AB (CD), heart inclination angle (AIC), trachea inclination angle (AIT), distance from the right heart wall (DPTd), distance from the left heart wall (DPTe) and vertical depth of the thorax, and the ventral face of the vertebral column to the dorsal border of the sternum at the level of the trachea bifurcation (H). The ratios between AB/CD, AB/H and CD/H were also analyzed. To calculate the vertebral heart scale (VHS), the AB and CD measurements were laid over the thoracic vertebra starting at T4. Radiographic evaluation showed values consistent with those reported in small animals and some wild and exotic species. The main biometric values in the chest cavity and heart of agouti are arranged as follows: (1) The ratios between AB/H ratio and CD/H were not sensitive for identifying heart increases (p>0.05), while the ratio AB/CD was more sensitive in this identification (p<0.05); (2) AIC: 21.2±6.4 o (mean between male and famale); (3) AIT for males and females: 9.93±3.23° and 8.4±3.94°; (4) DPTd and DPTe for males: 0.97±0.40cm and 0.7±0.30cm; (5) DPTd and DPTe for females: 1.12±0.42cm and 01.02±0.43cm; (6) VHS for males and females: 7.75±0.48v e 7.61±0.34v; (7) The caudal vena cava (CVC) was visualized dorsal-cranially and located right of the midline. The data obtained allowed the acquisition of the first reference values for biometry of the heart of agoutis, contributing to better understanding of cardiac morphology and identification of cardiomyopathy in these animals. Os principais valores biométricos mensurados na cavidade torácica e cardíaca da cutia, estão dispostas da seguinte forma: (1) As relações entre AB/H e CD/H não foram sensíveis para identificar aumento do coração (p> 0,05), enquanto a proporção AB/CD foi mais sensível nesta identificação (p <0,05); (2) AIC: 21,2 ± 6.4 o (média entre machos e fêmeas); (3) AIT para machos e fêmeas: 9.93 ± 3.23° and 8.4±3.94°; (4) DPTd e DPTe para os machos: 0,97 ± 0,40 cm e 0,7 ± 0,30, (5) DPTd e DPTe para as fêmeas: 1,12 ± 0,42 e 01,02 ± 0,43; (6) VHS para machos e fêmeas: 7.75±0.48v e 7.61±0.34v; (7) A veia cava caudal (CVC) foi visualizada dorso-cranialmente e localizada à direita da linha média.Os dados obtidos permitiram a obtenção dos primeiros valores de referência para a biometria do coração de ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Thoracic and heart biometrics of non-anesthetized agouti (Dasyprocta primnolopha Wagler, 1831) measured on radiographic images

et al. 2013

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“…In dogs, studies of VHS in puppies, adult dogs and different breeds have been performed [2][3][4][5]9]. Less research into VHS has been performed for cats than for dogs, although studies comparing kittens and adult cats have been reported [1,6]. Except dog and cat, a similar standardize study has been reported for ferrets (mean, 5.27v) [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

Establishment of Vertebral Heart Scale in the Growth Period of the Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata)

Harada

Iwaki²,

Sato

et al. 2010

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We performed a thoracic X-ray examination of 56 Japanese macaques to obtain normal reference values for vertebral heart scale (VHS). Mean VHS was 10.25  0.94v. In males, mean VHS was 10.56  0.73v, with no significant correlation to age or weight. In contrast, mean VHS in females was 9.97  1.03v, and tended to decrease with increasing age and weight. These findings will facilitate the diagnosis of cardiac disease in Japanese macaques in the future.

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“…These measurements were taken and mean values were estimated to establish normality criteria. Because it is a wild species and in order to reduce the stress of containment and also knowing that the literature reports that there is no difference in the VHS values in animals between the right and left lateral decubitus (Litster & Buchanan 2000), this experiment was carried out taking the right decubitus as the base for all the measurements.…”

Section: Measuring the Vhs (Vertebral Heart Size)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VHS (Vertebral Heart Size) was measured according to the protocol established by Buchanan & Bücheler (1995), Litster & Buchanan (2000), that is the sum of the heart length and heart width at its greatest diameter and its later comparison with the vertebra bodies starting at T4 (Fig.1a). These measurements were taken and mean values were estimated to establish normality criteria.…”

Section: Measuring the Vhs (Vertebral Heart Size)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac indices such as the Vertebral Heart Size (VHS), already consolidated to estimate the size of the heart silhouette in small animals (Buchanan 2000, Litster & Buchanan 2000 and the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) widely used in medicine as a prediction of the heart function and life span of cardiac patients (Michiue et al 2010, Hasan et al 2012) are still only rarely used in nonhuman primate Veterinary Medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiothoracic ratio and vertebral heart size (VHS) to standardize the heart size of the tufted capuchin (Cebus apella Linnaeus, 1758) in computerized radiographic images

et al. 2015

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RESUMO.-[Índice cardiotorácico e vertebral heart size (VHS) para a padronização do tamanho cardíaco do macaco-prego (Cebus apella Linnaeus, 1758) em imagens radiográficas computadorizadas.] Para a avaliação do VHS e ICT foram utilizadas radiografias toráci-cas computadorizadas de 10 macacos-prego (05 machos e 05 fêmeas) clinicamente saudáveis, oriundos do Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres de São Luís-MA-CETAS. Foram tomadas radiografias em projeções laterolaterais e dorsoventrais, para cálculo do Vertebral Heart Scale (VHS) e Índice Cardiotorácico (ICT). O VHS evidenciou valores médios de 9,34±0,32v (machos) e 9,16±0,34v (fê-meas), não ocorrendo diferença estatística entre machos e fêmeas (p>0,05). O ICT evidenciou valores médios de 0,55±0,04 (machos) e de 0,52±0,03 (fêmeas), não sendo verificada diferença estatística entre sexos (p>0,05). Verificou-se correlação positiva entre VHS e ICT (r=0,78). Os diâmetros torácico e cardíaco demonstraram valores médios de 5,70±0,48cm e 3,16±0,40cm nos machos, The VHS and CTR were assessed using computerized thoracic radiographs of ten clinically healthy tufted capuchin monkeys (five males and five females) from the Wild Animal Screening Center in São Luís (Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres de São Luís-MA--CETAS). Radiographs were taken in laterolateral and dorsoventral projections to calculate the cardiothoracic ratio (VHS) and vertebral heart size (CTR). The VHS showed mean values of 9.34±0.32v (males) and 9.16±0.34v (females) and there was no statistical difference between males and females (p>0.05). The CTR showed mean values of 0.55±0.04 (males) and 0.52±0.03 (females) and there was no statistical difference between the sexes (p>0.05). There was positive correlation between VHS and CTR (r=0.78). The thoracic and heart diameters showed mean values of 5.70±0.48cm and 2.16±0.40cm in the males, respectively. In the females they measured 5.32±0.39cm and 2.94±0.32cm. There was no statistical difference between the sexes. Our results show that the high correlation found between VHS and CTR permitted the verification with similar clinical precision between the two methods to estimate alterations in the heart silhouette by radiographic examination of tufted capuchin, making it an easy technique to apply that can be considered in the investigation of heart problems for this wild species.

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Vertebral scale system to measure heart size in radiographs of cats

Abstract: The vertebral heart-size method is easy to use, allows objective assessment of heart size, and may be helpful in determining cardiomegaly and comparing heart size in sequential radiographs.

Cited by 155 publications

References 10 publications

Thoracic and heart biometrics of non-anesthetized agouti (Dasyprocta primnolopha Wagler, 1831) measured on radiographic images

Thoracic and heart biometrics of non-anesthetized agouti (Dasyprocta primnolopha Wagler, 1831) measured on radiographic images

Establishment of Vertebral Heart Scale in the Growth Period of the Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata)

Cardiothoracic ratio and vertebral heart size (VHS) to standardize the heart size of the tufted capuchin (Cebus apella Linnaeus, 1758) in computerized radiographic images

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