Vertical agreements on digital markets

Abstract

Introduction: Moldovan competition regulations have been modernized in 2012 in the spirit of European directives. However, European entrepreneurial experience, competitive culture, and case law in the field of competition rules’ enforcement are far above. The absence of an extensive experience in this field leads often to confusion about the practical application of competition rules, and the risk exists that pro-competitive economic behaviour is wrongly blamed as an anti-competitive practice. Vertical restraints may be often identified in business contracts with vertical structures, such as supply, distribution, franchising, and agency agreements, whether such contracts are implemented in traditional or digital markets. Digitization and innovative technological solutions have substantially changed the production and distribution chain of goods and services.