Vertical Illuminance Based Crosswalk Illumination

Abstract

Current IES standards refer to pedestrian lighting in terms of minimum vertical illuminance 1.5 m above pavement level. Analysis is made to find the vertical illuminance 1.5m above pavement level facing oncoming traffic for typical street lighting configurations. Three types of calculation grids were used to simulate pedestrians on the side walk, on the street and on the median. Streets with and without median are studied with various streetlighting layouts such as staggered, and along both sides of the street. It was found that in most cases the vertical illuminance on a two way street peaks on one side of the street while, it is minimal on the other side of the street at the same lateral axis. Plan diagrams of streets showing the locations of vertical illuminance greater than 1 foot-candle and less than 0.2 foot-candle are presented.

On the Quality of Street Lighting in Pedestrian Crossings

“…Based on their research, the authors found a positive effect of LED lamps on pedestrian visibility. Pedestrian safety analysis also includes assessing the quality of pedestrian crossing lighting and the achievable illuminance levels [13]. The literature also contains studies of luminance contrasts at pedestrian crossings [14][15][16][17].…”

“…The length of the transition zone ranges from 50 m for speeds of 30 km/h to 150 m for permitted speeds greater than 50 km/h. In Poland, in 2018, the Minister of Infrastructure published use guidelines in a study entitled "Guidelines for the organization of safe pedestrian traffic-guidelines for correct lighting of pedestrian crossings" [13]. This publication contains a description of the measurement procedure as well as lighting requirements for a pedestrian crossing.…”

“…Based on the review of lighting standards, a high similarity was observed between Polish and Czech lighting requirements even if different measurement grids were used. When reviewing the literature, we found descriptions of measurements of the lighting quality of pedestrian crossings [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], but in no case was a comparison made between different measurement procedures for the same crossing. Only one measurement procedure was used.…”

Analysis of Luminance Contrast Values at Illuminated Pedestrian Crossings in Urban Conditions

“…Numerous studies [2,[10][11][12] show improvements in pedestrian safety after the installation of lighting systems dedicated to pedestrian crossings. Numerous studies [13][14][15][16] have also focused on improving pedestrian safety through the selection of appropriate lighting technical parameters.…”

The Effect of a LED Lighting Crosswalk on Pedestrian Safety: Some Experimental Results

“…As to safety issues, many studies have focused on the effect of vertical lighting systems on pedestrian visibility at zebra crossings in nighttime conditions [16][17][18] and horizontal markings [19]. Jägerbrand et al (2018) [20] showed the speed-reducing effect of speed humps with LED lighting placed directly above or in front of the hump, but could not reveal any significant differences in vehicle speed attributable to light conditions per se.…”