Vertical oil dispersion profile under non-breaking regular waves

Parsa, Reza; Kolahdoozan, Morteza; Moghaddam, Mohammad Reza Alavi

doi:10.1007/s10652-016-9456-1

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The distribution of the oil through the water column has been measured by some researchers (Parsa et al, 2016). This group found that the mid-depth concentrations in their flume were 44-77% of the surface concentrations at the surface and that concentrations near the flume bed were 12-33% of the mid-depth concentrations.…”

Section: Methodology Factors In Modeling Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been several representations of sea energy that have been used in oil spill modeling including wave height, wave steepness, wave period, wind speed, etc. (Parsa et al, 2016). Wave height has been used extensively in calculations.…”

Section: Methodology Factors In Modeling Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that steepness is an important parameter and the high energy of breaking waves is significant in producing dispersions (Delvigne and Sweeney, 1988;Zeinstra-Helfrich et al, 2015b). Studies have shown that wave height is equivalent to a plunging stream and therefore can be used as an indicator of sea energy (Zeinstra-Helfrich et al, 2015a;Parsa et al, 2016). Breaking waves are much more likely to disperse oil than non-breaking waves, in fact the increase may be up to 25% (Zeinstra-Helfrich et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Methodology Factors In Modeling Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The depth that droplets are injected into the water becomes an important factor (Parsa et al, 2016). Delvigne (1994) experimentally measured droplet injection and found that it was 1 1/2 times the wave height.…”

Section: Algorithm Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an Algorithm for Chemically Dispersed Oil Spills

Fingas¹,

Yetilmezsoy

Bahramian

2020

Front. Mar. Sci.

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An algorithm utilizing four basic processes was described for chemical oil spill dispersion. Initial dispersion was calculated using a modified Delvigne equation adjusted to chemical dispersion, then the dispersion was distributed over the mixing depth, as predicted by the wave height. Then the droplets rise to the surface according to Stokes’ law. Oil on the surface, from the rising oil and that undispersed, is re-dispersed. The droplets in the water column are subject to coalescence as governed by the Smoluchowski equation. A loss is invoked to account for the production of small droplets that rise slowly and are not re-integrated with the main surface slick. The droplets become less dispersible as time proceeds because of increased viscosity through weathering, and by increased droplet size by coalescence. These droplets rise faster as time progresses because of the increased size. Closed form solutions were provided to allow practical limits of dispersibility given inputs of oil viscosity and wind speed. Discrete solutions were given to calculate the amount of oil in the water column at specified points of time. Regression equations were provided to estimate oil in the water column at a given time with the wind speed and oil viscosity. The models indicated that the most important factor related to the amount of dispersion, was the mixing depth of the sea as predicted from wind speed. The second most important factor was the viscosity of the starting oil. The algorithm predicted the maximum viscosity that would be dispersed given wind conditions. Simplified prediction equations were created using regression.

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Section: Methodology Factors In Modeling Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodology Factors In Modeling Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodology Factors In Modeling Dispersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Algorithm Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of an Algorithm for Chemically Dispersed Oil Spills

Fingas¹,

Yetilmezsoy

Bahramian

2020

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Frazil ice can be widely distributed within 15 m depth of the ocean surface . If dispersants are applied in the frazil ice-infested region, the dispersed oil is first distributed in the frazil ice-infested sea surface before its extensive dilution and thereby can migrate into frazil ice . Nevertheless, the microscopic mechanism of the migration of oil in frazil ice is still unclear, challenging the accurate understanding of the behaviors and fate of dispersed oil with frazil ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Frazil Ice on the Effectiveness of Oil Dispersion and Migration of Dispersed Oil

Song

Chen

Liu

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Oil spills in the Arctic have drawn dramatic attention in recent years. Frazil ice, as the essential formation of sea ice, may affect the effectiveness of dispersants during oil spill response and the associated behaviors of dispersed oil. However, these impacts remain poorly understood, limiting the appropriate usage of dispersants in ice-covered regions. Herein this work explored the effects of frazil ice on the dispersion effectiveness of two dispersants (Corexit 9500A and hydrolyzed shrimp waste) and the migration of dispersed oil within frazil ice. We discovered that frazil ice inhibited dispersion effectiveness by attenuating water velocity. Permeable frazil ice encapsulated 11–30% of dispersed oil, implying a lower oil bioavailability. We thus proposed and verified a microscopic mechanism to unravel the migration of dispersed oil toward permeable constrictions in frazil ice. We predicted the concentration of dispersed oil encapsulated in frazil ice using bed filtration theory and verified the prediction through experiments. Furthermore, the presence of frazil ice can lead to the breakup and coalescence of dispersed oil. Overall, our findings would facilitate the appropriate planning and decision-making of dispersant-based oil spill response and a better understanding of the fate of dispersed oil in the frazil ice-infested ocean.

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An experimental Stommel Retention Zone facility with an application to oil droplet dispersion

Gurung

Smith

Zeidi

et al. 2022

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Stommel Retention Zones (SRZs) associated with wind-driven Langmuir circulation (LC) facilitate the subsurface retention of particles and thus affect processes such as oil spill dispersion, sediment suspension, oil-particle aggregation, and plankton distribution. Since the effect of SRZs on these processes is difficult to study in the field, we present a novel laboratory facility designed to recreate the counterrotating vortex pair flow pattern associated with small-scale SRZs of various strengths in two dimensions (2D). We then inject an oil jet into this facility to study buoyant oil droplet retention in these SRZs. 2D particle image velocimetry and hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes/large eddy simulation are used to characterize the flow. Large-scale oil droplet trajectories in the SRZs are visualized, and oil droplet statistics in the downwelling region and vortex core are measured using high-magnification brightfield imaging and a droplet detection algorithm. Values of maximum velocity (7.7-32.2 mm s À1 ), turbulent kinetic energy (10 À6 to 10 À4 m 2 s À2 ), and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate (10 À7 to 10 À5 m 2 s À3 ) in the downwelling region of the facility fall within the range of values observed in the field. Flow field strength strongly influences oil droplet trajectories, the shape and size of the SRZ, and oil droplet statistics over time, with stronger flows retaining larger oil droplets in the downwelling region over longer periods of time. Indeed, droplets of almost 400 μm diameter are observed in the downwelling region after almost 10 min for the strongest flow. The facility may be used to study the behavior of microplastics, sediments, and zooplankton in LC in the future.

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Vertical oil dispersion profile under non-breaking regular waves

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Development of an Algorithm for Chemically Dispersed Oil Spills

Development of an Algorithm for Chemically Dispersed Oil Spills

Impacts of Frazil Ice on the Effectiveness of Oil Dispersion and Migration of Dispersed Oil

An experimental Stommel Retention Zone facility with an application to oil droplet dispersion

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