Vertical root fractures in teeth with endodontic treatment - literature review

Abstract

Vertical root fractures (VRFs) are characterized by complete or incomplete fractures that extend through the long axis towards the apex. They may occur when the root fractures are fatigued by external forces. Endodontic treatment is efficient in the treatment of root canals, where the infection of the pulp is eliminated. The treatment can be used to avoid contamination of the infected area by microbes. However, complications are likely to be experienced if recontamination is experienced on the teeth. Therefore, the endodontist should have the necessary skills and qualifications in treating the condition. This literature review discusses vertical root fractures in teeth with endodontic treatment and the likely complications. This literature review found that the relationship between VRF in teeth that were endodontic treated may be affected by personal and social factors. The general health status of an individual may influence the response to endodontic treatment. Tooth factors, microbes, foreign bodies, and epithelial cells may affect the impact of endodontic procedures. These effects may influence the prevalence of VRF. The studies analyzed indicated that premolars and molars are at high risk of VRF as compared to incisors. Therefore, the diagnostic procedures may focus on the prevalence factors. However, personal responsibility, including hygiene, regular check-ups, and follow-ups, may eradicate post-endodontic complications.