Vertical structure and diurnal variability of ammonia exchange potential within an intensively managed grass canopy

Herrmann, B.; Mattßon, Marie; Jones, S. K.; Cellier, Pierre; Milford, C.; Sutton, Mark A.; Schjøerring, Jan K.; Neftel, A.

doi:10.5194/bg-6-15-2009

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…5c). This indicates a large potential for NH 3 emission in agreement with that senescent leaves and litter are important NH 3 sources (Mattsson and Schjoerring, 2003;David et al, 2009;Herrmann et al, 2009). Harper et al (2000 suggested that NH 3 emission from foliage may persist over prolonged periods, most of the time occurring from the surface rather than via the stomata.…”

Section: Grass Seasonal Nh 3 Exchange Potentialsupporting

confidence: 76%

Seasonal variation in nitrogen pools and 15N/13C natural abundances in different tissues of grassland plants

Wang

Schjøerring

2012

Biogeosciences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Seasonal changes in nitrogen (N) pools, carbon (C) content and natural abundance of 13 C and 15 N in different tissues of ryegrass plants were investigated in two intensively managed grassland fields in order to address their ammonia (NH 3 ) exchange potential. Green leaves generally had the largest total N concentration followed by stems and inflorescences. Senescent leaves had the lowest N concentration, indicating N re-allocation. The seasonal pattern of the value, i.e. the ratio between NH + 4 and H + concentrations, was similar for the various tissues of the ryegrass plants but the magnitude of differed considerably among the different tissues. Green leaves and stems generally had substantially lower values than senescent leaves and litter. Substantial peaks in were observed during spring and summer in response to fertilization and grazing. These peaks were associated with high NH + 4 rather than with low H + concentrations. Peaks in also appeared during the winter, coinciding with increasing δ 15 N values, indicating absorption of N derived from mineralization of soil organic matter. At the same time, δ 13 C values were declining, suggesting reduced photosynthesis and capacity for N assimilation. δ 15 N and δ 13 C values were more influenced by mean monthly temperature than by the accumulated monthly precipitation. In conclusion, ryegrass plants showed a clear seasonal pattern in N pools. Green leaves and stems of ryegrass plants generally seem to constitute a sink for NH 3 , while senescent leaves have a large potential for NH 3 emission. However, management events such as fertilisation and grazing may create a high NH 3 emission potential even in green plant parts. The obtained results provide input for future modelling of plantatmosphere NH 3 exchange.

show abstract

Section: Grass Seasonal Nh 3 Exchange Potentialsupporting

confidence: 76%

Seasonal variation in nitrogen pools and 15N/13C natural abundances in different tissues of grassland plants

Wang

Schjøerring

2012

Biogeosciences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Age-related differences in the NH 3 compensation point of Luzula sylvatica were also found to be considerable , with both apoplastic pH and NH + 4 concentrations increasing during leaf expansion and declining prior to senescence. Diurnal patterns of s are generally less systematic than seasonal ones, even if there can be a large degree of hour-tohour variability Herrmann et al, 2009;Flechard et al, 2010). Although diurnal cyles of NH 3 exchange fluxes have been observed in e.g.…”

Section: Temporal Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in understanding, models and parameterizations of biosphere-atmosphere ammonia exchange

et al. 2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atmospheric ammonia (NH₃) dominates global emissions of total reactive nitrogen (N_r), while emissions from agricultural production systems contribute about two-thirds of global NH₃ emissions; the remaining third emanates from oceans, natural vegetation, humans, wild animals and biomass burning. On land, NH₃ emitted from the various sources eventually returns to the biosphere by dry deposition to sink areas, predominantly semi-natural vegetation, and by wet and dry deposition as ammonium (NH₄⁺) to all surfaces. However, the land/atmosphere exchange of gaseous NH₃ is in fact bi-directional over unfertilized as well as fertilized ecosystems, with periods and areas of emission and deposition alternating in time (diurnal, seasonal) and space (patchwork landscapes). The exchange is controlled by a range of environmental factors, including meteorology, surface layer turbulence, thermodynamics, air and surface heterogeneous-phase chemistry, canopy geometry, plant development stage, leaf age, organic matter decomposition, soil microbial turnover, and, in agricultural systems, by fertilizer application rate, fertilizer type, soil type, crop type, and agricultural management practices. We review the range of processes controlling NH₃ emission and uptake in the different parts of the soil-canopy-atmosphere continuum, with NH₃ emission potentials defined at the substrate and leaf levels by different [NH₄⁺] / [H⁺] ratios (Γ). Surface/atmosphere exchange models for NH₃ are necessary to compute the temporal and spatial patterns of emissions and deposition at the soil, plant, field, landscape, regional and global scales, in order to assess the multiple environmental impacts of airborne and deposited NH₃ and NH₄⁺. Models of soil/vegetation/atmosphere NH₃ exchange are reviewed from the substrate and leaf scales to the global scale. They range from simple steady-state, "big leaf" canopy resistance models, to dynamic, multi-layer, multi-process, multi-chemical species schemes. Their level of complexity depends on their purpose, the spatial scale at which they are applied, the current level of parameterization, and the availability of the input data they require. State-of-the-art solutions for determining the emission/sink Γ potentials through the soil/canopy system include coupled, interactive chemical transport models (CTM) and soil/ecosystem modelling at the regional scale. However, it remains a matter for debate to what extent realistic options for future regional and global models should be based on process-based mechanistic versus empirical and regression-type models. Further discussion is needed on the extent and timescale by which new approaches can be used, such as integration with ecosystem models and satellite observations

show abstract

“…This technique has been applied to several plant species in the field Herrmann et al, 2009;Mattsson et al, 2009a;Mattsson et al, 2009b). However, the extraction technique is subject to uncertainties regarding potential regulation of apoplastic pH and [NH but also inter-species gradients of χ s (Hill et al, 2001;Loubet et al, 2002;Schjoerring et al, 2002.…”

Section: Apoplastic Extraction Direct Determination Of Leaf Apoplastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere

2010

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Current deposition schemes used in atmospheric chemical transport models do not generally account for bidirectional exchange of ammonia (NH 3 ). Bi-directional exchange schemes, which have so far been applied at the plot scale, can be included in transport models, but need to be parameterised with appropriate values of the ground layer compensation point (χ g ), stomatal compensation point (χ s ) and cuticular resistance (R w ). We review existing measurements of χ g , χ s as well as R w and compile a comprehensive dataset from which we then propose generalised parameterisations. χ s is related to s , the non-dimensional ratio of [NH + 4 ] apo and [H + ] apo in the apoplast, through the temperature dependence of the combined Henry and dissociation equilibrium. The meta-analysis suggests that the nitrogen (N) input is the main driver of the apoplastic and bulk leaf concentrations of ammonium (NH + 4 apo , NH + 4 bulk ). For managed ecosystems, the main source of N is fertilisation which is reflected in a peak value of χ s a few days following application, but also alters seasonal values of NH + 4 apo and NH + 4 bulk . We propose a parameterisation for χ s which includes peak values as a function of amount and type of fertiliser application which gradually decreases to a background value. The background χ s is based on total N input to the ecosystem as a yearly fertiliser application and N deposition (N dep ). For non-managed ecosystems, χ s is parameterised based solely on the link with N dep .For R w we propose a general parameterisation as a function of atmospheric relative humidity (RH), incorporating a minimum value (R w(min) ), which depends on the ratio of atmospheric acid concentrations (SO 2 , HNO 3 and HCl) toCorrespondence to: R.-S. Massad (massad@grignon.inra.fr) NH 3 concentrations. The parameterisations are based mainly on datasets from temperate locations in northern Europe making them most suitable for up-scaling in these regions (EMEP model for example). In principle, the parameterisations should be applicable to other climates, though there is a need for more underpinning data, with the uncertainties being especially large for tropical and subtropical conditions.

show abstract

Vertical structure and diurnal variability of ammonia exchange potential within an intensively managed grass canopy

Cited by 39 publications

References 39 publications

Seasonal variation in nitrogen pools and <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>13</sup>C natural abundances in different tissues of grassland plants

Seasonal variation in nitrogen pools and <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>13</sup>C natural abundances in different tissues of grassland plants

Advances in understanding, models and parameterizations of biosphere-atmosphere ammonia exchange

Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Vertical structure and diurnal variability of ammonia exchange potential within an intensively managed grass canopy

Cited by 39 publications

References 39 publications

Seasonal variation in nitrogen pools and &lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;N/&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C natural abundances in different tissues of grassland plants

Seasonal variation in nitrogen pools and &lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;N/&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C natural abundances in different tissues of grassland plants

Advances in understanding, models and parameterizations of biosphere-atmosphere ammonia exchange

Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Seasonal variation in nitrogen pools and <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>13</sup>C natural abundances in different tissues of grassland plants

Seasonal variation in nitrogen pools and <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>13</sup>C natural abundances in different tissues of grassland plants