Vertical TEC representation by IRI 2012 and IRI Plas models for European midlatitudes

Study of Ionospheric TEC from GPS observations and comparisons with IRI and SPIM model predictions in the low latitude anomaly Indian subcontinental region

“…izmiran.rssi.ru/pub/izmiran/SPIM/. As per our knowledge, only a few papers have been published till the date on comparative study and credibility of SPIM model predictions with in situ ground measurements (Troitsky et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2012Liu et al, , 2013Zakharenkova et al, 2013Zakharenkova et al, , 2015Sezen et al, 2013;Maltseva et al, 2013). The review of literature confirms that although studies have been done on the suitability of the IRI at low latitude EIA region over Indian subcontinent, the suitability of SPIM is yet to be tested over the region.…”

“…Also the literatures of previous studies describe that IRI over estimates in general over low latitudes during low and moderate solar activity periods, the SPIM is a merged product of IRI and SMI, hence it is believed that the combined product might overestimate at the low latitudes. Recent studies of Zakharenkova et al (2015) also reports over estimation of SPIM observations than the GPS-TEC at European mid-latitude station especially during low and moderate solar activity condition. They suspect it could be either due to the plasmasphere addition to the IRI or the (top side + plasmasphere) estimates This suggests that the present model lacks reliability at the low latitude Indian region, hence further improvements are necessary for relatively better predictions in the low latitudes.…”

Performance of Solar Proxy Options of IRI‐Plas Model for Equinox Seasons

“…The IRI model (and the IRI‐Plas as one of the extensions to the plasmasphere) has been reinstated by ISO (ISO 16457:2014) as given in https://www.iso.org/standard/61556.html in 2014. It has been shown in the literature that the assimilation of TEC into the model improves the representation of current ionospheric state significantly (Adebiyi et al, , ; Bolaji et al, ; Ezquer et al, ; Maltseva et al, , ; Panda et al, ; Zakharenkova et al, ). The IRI‐Plas model is available at http://ftp.izmiran.ru/pub/izmiran/SPIM/ as a FORTRAN code.…”

Comparison of IRI_PLAS and IRI_2012 Model Predictions with GPS-TEC Measurements in Different Latitude Regions

“…Since the GPS satellites are located at the altitude of 20200 km, the amount of free electrons along the GPS ray path is composed mainly of Ionospheric Electron Content (IEC) and partly of Plasmaspheric Electron Content (PEC) [Balan et al 2002, Cherniak et al 2012, Karia et al 2015, Akala et al 2015. Zakharenkova et al [2015] compared TEC values, computed using IRI_2012 and IRI_PLAS models with GPS based TEC data, derived from European mid-latitude GPS station Potsdam. According to the results, comparative data model analysis does not reveal good performance.…”

“…For this reason, researchers proposed IRI_PLAS model, one of the possible candidate model for plasmasphere extension of IRI model [Gulyaeva and Bilitza 2012, Zakharenkova et al 2015, Arikan et al 2015. Arikan et al [2015] introduced a user friendly space weather service (URL-1), providing many output products.…”