Very high efficiency silicon solar cells-science and technology

Green, Martin A.; Zhao, Jianhua; Wang, A.; Wenham, Stuart

doi:10.1109/16.791982

Cited by 114 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Comparison of the internal quantum efficiency of a UNSW PERL cell with a recent heterojunction device from Sanyo. Data taken from [172] and [196].…”

Section: Industrialisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-efficiency Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Review

Wolf¹,

Descoeudres²,

Holman³

et al. 2012

Green

108

113

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Abstract. Silicon heterojunction solar cells consist of thin amorphous silicon layers deposited on crystalline silicon wafers. This design enables energy conversion efficiencies above 20% at the industrial production level. The key feature of this technology is that the metal contacts, which are highly recombination active in traditional, diffused-junction cells, are electronically separated from the absorber by insertion of a wider bandgap layer. This enables the record open-circuit voltages typically associated with heterojunction devices without the need for expensive patterning techniques. This article reviews the salient points of this technology. First, we briefly elucidate device characteristics. This is followed by a discussion of each processing step, device operation, and device stability and industrial upscaling, including the fabrication of solar cells with energyconversion efficiencies over 21%. Finally, future trends are pointed out.

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“…Comparison of the internal quantum efficiency of a UNSW PERL cell with a recent heterojunction device from Sanyo. Data taken from [172] and [196].…”

Section: Industrialisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-efficiency Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Review

Wolf¹,

Descoeudres²,

Holman³

et al. 2012

Green

108

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been used as a window material for hetero junction solar cells to avoid the recombination of photo generated carriers, which improves the solar cells' efficiency [14]. CdS quantum dots have also been used on the substrate in the solar cell to absorb sunlight and produce more free electrons to enhance the efficiency of solar cells [15][16][17]. Besides using CdS in bulk form, its nanoparticles have shown exciting applications in photochemical catalysis, light emitting diodes, photo resistors and most recently in biosensors to enhance the sensitivity for the detection of the DNA hybridization [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Density Functional Theory Study of Raman Modes of Hydrogenated Cadmium Sulphide Nanoparticles

Majid

Ahmad

Nabi

et al. 2012

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology

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Raman scattering investigations based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to explore the vibrational modes of wurtzite structured CdS nanoparticles (NPs). The calculations were performed to obtain the Raman spectra for the CdS containing 2, 4, 8 and 12 atoms to study the size dependence. Several vibrational modes indicating stretching and bending features related to Cd and S atoms were observed. Modifications of the frequency and intensity of different Raman modes with an increase in number of atoms in NPs are discussed in detail. It is found that the frequency of the CdS symmetric stretching mode of vibration shows a consistent red shift and that of CdS anti-symmetric stretching shows a consistent blue shift with the increase in the number of atoms. Hydrogen atoms were added in order to make the closed shell configuration and saturate the NPs as per the requisite for calculating the Raman spectra. This produced some additional modes of vibration related to hydrogen atoms. The SH stretching mode showed a consistent red shift and the CdH stretching mode showed a consistent blue shift with an increase in the number of atoms in NPs. The results generated are found to be in close agreement with the literature. The observed red shift in different modes is assigned to stimulated Raman stretching and blue shift is ascribed to the coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering.

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“…At the rear surface of double-side contacted c-Si solar cells where the base contact is located, these requirements are often fulfilled by the combination of a dielectric passivating film with local contacts defined in a point-like pattern. This configuration was already applied in the high efficiency concepts developed in the 90's where the contacts were defined by photolithography [1][2]. In the last years, this idea has been revisited due to the introduction of laser techniques that allow the definition of the point-like pattern in a very cost-effective way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental determination of base resistance contribution for point-like contacted c-Si solar cells using impedance spectroscopy analysis

Orpella

Martı́n

López-González

et al. 2015

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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Abstract:One of the most common strategies in high-efficiency crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells for the rear surface is the combination of a dielectric passivation with a point-like contact to the base. In such devices, the trade-off between surface passivation and ohmic losses determines the optimum distance between contacts or pitch. Given a certain pitch, the series resistance related to majority carrier flow through the base and the rear point-like contact (R base ) is commonly calculated a-priori and not crosschecked in finished devices, since typical techniques to measure series resistance lead to an unique value that includes all ohmic losses. In this work, we present a novel method to measure R base using impedance spectroscopy (IS) analysis. The IS data at high frequencies allow to determine R base due to the presence of the capacitor formed by the metal/dielectric/semiconductor structure that covers most of the rear surface. The method is validated by device simulations where the dependence of R base on carrier injection, base resistivity and pitch are reproduced. Finally, R base is measured on finished devices. As a result, a more accurate value of the contacted area is deduced which is a valuable information for further device optimization.

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Very high efficiency silicon solar cells-science and technology

Cited by 114 publications

References 20 publications

High-efficiency Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Review

High-efficiency Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Review

A Density Functional Theory Study of Raman Modes of Hydrogenated Cadmium Sulphide Nanoparticles

Experimental determination of base resistance contribution for point-like contacted c-Si solar cells using impedance spectroscopy analysis

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