Very long chain fatty acids (policosanols) and phytosterols affect plasma lipid levels and cholesterol biosynthesis in hamsters

Abstract

/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=8934195&lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=8934195&lang=frAccess and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.metabol.2004.11.004 Metabolism, 54, 4, pp. 508-514, 2005-04 Very long chain fatty acids (policosanols) and phytosterols affect plasma lipid levels and cholesterol biosynthesis in hamsters Wang, Yanwen; Ebine, Naoyuki; Jia, Xiaoming; Jones, Peter J. H.; Fairow, Clint; Jaeger, Ralf Very long chain fatty acids (policosanols) and phytosterols affect plasma lipid levels and cholesterol biosynthesis in hamsters AbstractThe aim of the current study was to examine the effects of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) alone at 2 dietary levels, or in combination of VLCFA at the lower level with lecithin (LT) or phytosterols (PS), on lipid profiles and cholesterol biosynthesis in hamsters. Seventy-five male Golden Syrian hamsters, weighing 100 to 120 g, were fed a regular rodent chow for 2 weeks before being randomly assigned into 5 groups of 15 animals each fed semisynthetic diets for 4 weeks. Group 1 was given a control diet that contained 0.25% cholesterol and 5% fat with a polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio of 0.4. Groups 2 to 5 were fed the control diet and given 25 mg/kg BW per day of VLCFA (Licowax) (VLCFA25), 50 mg/kg BW per day of VLCFA (VLCFA50), 25 mg/kg BW per day of VLCFA + 1000 mg/kg BW per day of LT (VLCFA25/LT), and 25 mg/kg BW per day of VLCFA + 1000 mg/kg BW per day of PS (Cholestatin, VLCFA25/PS), respectively. Results showed that HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were not changed by VLCFA25, although increased by VLCFA50 ( P b .05) relative to control. Total cholesterol (T-C) and non-HDL-C levels were not affected by VLCFA25 and VLCFA50 as compared with control. VLCFA25/ LT had higher ( P b .02) T-C and HDL-C levels than any other treatments and increased ( P b .05) liver weight relative to control. In contrast, VLCFA25/PS reduced T-C ( P = .0004) and non-HDL-C ( P = .007) without effect on HDL-C levels compared with control. Triglyceride levels were not affected by any treatment. Cholesterol biosynthesis rate was higher ( P b .05) in animals fed VLCFA25 and VLCFA50 than those fed control or VLCFA25/LT or VLCFA25/PS. Results suggest that PSs can decrease total and non-HDL-C cholesterol, whereas VLCFA may increase HDL-C in hamsters. D

Evaluation of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties of sugar cane policosanols in hamsters and humans

“…Changes in cholesterol biosynthesis in response to policosanol feeding were measured by Wang et al (2003Wang et al ( , 2005 in vivo using the hamster model.…”

“…Contrary to previous research, the authors used a single stable isotope ratio method, measuring the incorporation of deuterium into de novo cholesterol Wang et al, 2005). This method has been validated against the more commonly used dual stable isotope ratio method and shown to provide a reliable measurement of cholesterol biosynthesis (Wang et al, 2004).…”

“…This method has been validated against the more commonly used dual stable isotope ratio method and shown to provide a reliable measurement of cholesterol biosynthesis (Wang et al, 2004). Policosanol supplementation to hamsters in the aforementioned studies by Wang et al (2003Wang et al ( , 2005 showed no effect on cholesterol biosynthesis, therefore, contributing to the controversy associated with policosanols. This leads us to acknowledge that the (Figure 2.2).…”

“…The source and composition of policosanol mixtures are now at the core of the controversy around their cholesterol-lowering efficacy, especially since the use of different policosanol products resulted in different research outcomes (Varady et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2003;Lin et al, 2004;Reiner et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2005;Greyling et al, 2006). Although compositions of different mixtures have not been directly compared to date, chemical analyses of certain alternative policosanol preparations Lin et al, 2004; show very little difference with the original Cuban SCP, especially in their octacosanol content, deemed to be the active component of the mixture.…”

“…Policosanols are found in a large variety of plants and, therefore, the need to test various sources and preparations was manifested in a series of independent studies conducted in Europe (Lin et al, 2004;Reiner et al, 2005), North America Wang et al, 2005) and South Africa (Greyling et al, 2006) using extracts from wheat (Lin et al, 2004), sugar cane Wang et al, 2005;Greyling et al, 2006) and rice Wang et al, 2005). None of the mentioned studies was able to replicate the substantial cholesterol lowering outcomes of original research.…”