Abstract:The Ionosphere layer can influence radio wave propagation from one place to another place with a very long distance on the Earth and between satellites to the receiver. Each ionosphere layer has different characteristics and the presence of the ionosphere changes daily according to solar activity. The D layer is the innermost ionosphere layer, starting about 60 - 95 km above the Earth’s surface. Observation of the D layer cannot be carried out by balloon, ionosonde, and satellite because it is too low so that … Show more
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