Very Small Embryonic-Like (VSEL) Stem Cells: Purification from Adult Organs, Characterization, and Biological Significance

Ratajczak, Mariusz Z.; Zuba‐Surma, Ewa; Machalinski, Bogdan; Ratajczak, Janina; Kucia, Magda

doi:10.1007/s12015-008-9018-0

Cited by 91 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Experimental studies in murine models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) demonstrated that this rare population of cells is also enriched in early markers of cardiac and endothelial lineages (GATA-4, Nkx2.5/Csx, VE-cadherin, von Willebrand factor). VSELs migrated to stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) gradient and underwent rapid mobilization into peripheral blood in experimental AMI mouse models (4,5). In addition to BM, VSELs were also identified in several murine solid organs including the heart and brain, as well as in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood in adult humans (3,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VSELs migrated to stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) gradient and underwent rapid mobilization into peripheral blood in experimental AMI mouse models (4,5). In addition to BM, VSELs were also identified in several murine solid organs including the heart and brain, as well as in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood in adult humans (3,5). We envision that VSELs are quiescent progeny of epiblast-derived PSCs that are deposited during organogenesis in developing organs (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiomyocyte differentiation of bone marrow-derived Oct-4+CXCR4+SSEA-1+ very small embryonic-like stem cells

Wojakowski

Tendera²,

Kucia³

et al. 2010

Int J Oncol

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Abstract.VSELs are a population of rare Oct-4 + CXCR4 + CD133 + lin -CD45 -cells that are deposited during early embryogenesis in developing organs/tissues as a reserve population of pluripotent stem cells for regeneration. We reported recently that they are mobilized into peripheral blood during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in mice and humans. However, although freshly isolated VSELs in experimental AMI mouse models improve cardiac function, the number of these cells is limited and an ex vivo expansion strategy is needed to employ these cells more efficiently for cardiac regeneration. The aim of this study was to establish an efficient method to expand ex vivo BM-derived very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) into cardiomyocytes. VSELs, highly purified by FACS from the bone marrow of GFP transgenic mice, were expanded over C2C12 cell line myoblasts and exposed to cardiac differentiating media. The changes in gene expression during cardiac differentiation of VSELs were evaluated by RTQ-PCR, immunostaining and gene array analysis. We developed an efficient, two-step, ex vivo expansion/differentiation model of BM-derived VSELs into cardiomyocytes. First, purified GFP + VSELs are plated over C2C12 murine cell line myoblasts, where they expand and differentiate into characteristic spheres. Subsequently, cells from these spheres are expanded on cardiac differentiating media into cardiomyocytes. This study demonstrates that murine BM-derived VSELs can be efficiently expanded in vitro and differentiated into cardiomyocytes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiomyocyte differentiation of bone marrow-derived Oct-4+CXCR4+SSEA-1+ very small embryonic-like stem cells

Wojakowski

Tendera²,

Kucia³

et al. 2010

Int J Oncol

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“…They also express other germ line markers like Mouse vasa homologue (MVH), STELLA, NOBAX, FRAGALLIS, Dead end protein homolog 1 (DND1), Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) [68]. VSELs have a high telomerase activity [69] and do not express MHC I [70]. They also share similar surface antigens including CXCR4 [71] with CSCs.…”

Section: Very Small Embryonic/epiblast-like Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer stem cells, their origin and niche: A search for the therapeutic target

Das¹,

Dutta²,

Paul³

et al. 2017

J Stem Cell Res Med

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Cancer is a general term to define a group of genetic alterations and the subsequent phenotypic and physiological changes at the cellular level, leading to accelerated death of the host. According to The World Health Organisation (WHO), it is the second leading factor for human deaths globally. Cancer is such a difficult challenge for mankind because of its ability to relapse even after detailed treatments with chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiations. This can be explained by the emerging concept of 'tumor initiating cells' or 'cancer stem cells' (CSCs) which comprise a pluripotent and genomically dynamic subpopulation of the tumor microenvironment, occupying only 0.1%-3% of the total tumor population. Despite their emerging significance in disease progression and recurrence, the origin of these CSCs and their complex interaction with the corresponding CSC niche still remain to be elusive. In this review, we make an attempt to unwind the mystery of the origin of the CSCs as well as focus on the well-established cross-talk mechanisms between the CSCs and their niche components. Lastly, we try to find alternative therapeutic strategies to combat CSC resistance by targeting the various components of the CSC niche.

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“…60,61 The presence of these developmentally primitive stem cells in adult tissues can be explained by the possibility that early during embryogenesis not all of the stem cells differentiate into monopotent tissue-committed stem cells, but some survive in developing organs as a dormant backup population of primitive stem cells.…”

Section: 74mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cells and clinical practice: new advances and challenges at the time of emerging problems with induced pluripotent stem cell therapies

Ratajczak¹,

Bujko²,

Wojakowski³

2016

Polish Archives of Internal Medicine

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REVIEW ARTICLE Stem cell therapies 879retina, damaged liver, extensive skin burns, diabetes, and Parkinson disease. Unfortunately, beyond hematological applications, the results for other clinical applications of stem cells have been disappointing, and several encouraging results reported in laboratory animals have not been reproduced in humans.6 Overall, the promise of clinical applications of stem cells and their success have often been exaggerated by the news media.On the other hand, it is well known that stem cells residing in adult tissues are responsible for organ rejuvenation. However, this process occurs at a different pace in various tissues. While hematopoietic cells, intestinal epithelium, and epidermis are continuously replaced by new cells, this Introduction Stem cell therapies began 50 years ago with the first transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells to replace damaged hematopoietic systems. The successful application of these cells in the hematological setting encouraged attempts to employ them in treating several other clinical problems encountered in cardiology, orthopedics, neurology, diabetology, opthalmology, dermatology, and gastroenterology.1-5 Accordingly, stem cell-based therapeutic strategies have been proposed for treating a multitude of clinical problems, including damaged myocardium after heart infarction, damage to the brain after stroke, damaged spinal cord after mechanical injury, age-related macular degeneration of the REVIEW ARTICLE

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Very Small Embryonic-Like (VSEL) Stem Cells: Purification from Adult Organs, Characterization, and Biological Significance

Cited by 91 publications

References 56 publications

Cardiomyocyte differentiation of bone marrow-derived Oct-4+CXCR4+SSEA-1+ very small embryonic-like stem cells

Cardiomyocyte differentiation of bone marrow-derived Oct-4+CXCR4+SSEA-1+ very small embryonic-like stem cells

Cancer stem cells, their origin and niche: A search for the therapeutic target

Stem cells and clinical practice: new advances and challenges at the time of emerging problems with induced pluripotent stem cell therapies

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