Veterinary ethics in the liberalised market: the Zambian environment

Mlangwa, James E. D.; Chilonda, Pius; Pandey, G. S.

doi:10.20506/rst.16.3.1072

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…By 1982 there were less than 70 veterinarians in the entire country (Kanagawa, 2003). Since 1988 when the first graduates left the School of Veterinary Medicine, the delivery of veterinary services has improved tremendously (Mlangwa et al., 1997) by putting into effect the public health act which restricts ownership to two dogs per household in urban areas, carrying out annual vaccinations of dogs and conducting public health awareness campaigns. The increase in the number of veterinarians joining the public sector has prompted government to establish a Public Health Unit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies Status in Zambia for the Period 1985–2004

Munang’andu

Mweene

Siamudaala

et al. 2010

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Rabies has been present in Zambia since the early years of the 20th century. It is a significant public health problem in Zambia. Domestic dogs accounted for 69.7% (1348/1935) of the samples received for rabies diagnosis for the period 1985-2004. Of the 1069 positive cases confirmed by the fluorescent antibody test, 747 (69.9%) were from domestic dogs, 139 (13.0%) from cattle and 98 (9.2%) from humans. Wildlife samples accounted for 4.5% (87/1935) of the samples tested with the jackal (Canis adustus) being the predominant species. Cases of rabies were highest in Lusaka Province followed by the Copperbelt, Southern and Central Provinces. The monthly distribution of canine rabies showed an average of 2.93 (95% CI 2.59-3.29) dog positive cases per month. The study confirms that rabies is endemic in Zambia and that the domestic dog is the principal maintenance host. The epidemiology and control measures currently used in Zambia are herein discussed highlighting their limitations and successes. Based on the findings obtained from this study we advocate for strengthening the delivery of public health services and that steps must taken to reduce the incidence of rabies in Zambia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies Status in Zambia for the Period 1985–2004

Munang’andu

Mweene

Siamudaala

et al. 2010

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…As a consequence, many African governments are moving to privatise their veterinary services. The government of Zambia is also encouraging free competition amongst veterinarians (Mlangwa, Chilonda & Pandey 1997).…”

Section: Options For Service Delivery Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints in animal health service delivery and sustainable improvement alternatives in North Gondar, Ethiopia

Kebede

Melaku

Kebede

2014

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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Poor livestock health services remain one of the main constraints to livestock production in many developing countries, including Ethiopia. A study was carried out in 11 districts of North Gondar, from December 2011 to September 2012, with the objective of identifying the existing status and constraints of animal health service delivery, and thus recommending possible alternatives for its sustainable improvement. Data were collected by using pre-tested questionnaires and focus group discussion. Findings revealed that 46.34% of the responding farmers had taken their animals to government veterinary clinics after initially trying treatments with local medication. More than 90.00% of the clinical cases were diagnosed solely on clinical signs or even history alone. The antibacterial drugs found in veterinary clinics were procaine penicillin (with or without streptomycin), oxytetracycline and sulphonamides, whilst albendazole, tetramisole and ivermectin were the only anthelmintics. A thermometer was the only clinical aid available in all clinics, whilst only nine (45.00%) clinics had a refrigerator. In the private sector, almost 95.00% were retail veterinary pharmacies and only 41.20% fulfilled the requirement criteria set. Professionals working in the government indicated the following problems: lack of incentives (70.00%), poor management and lack of awareness (60.00%) and inadequate budget (40.00%). For farmers, the most frequent problems were failure of private practitioners to adhere to ethical procedures (74.00%) and lack of knowledge of animal diseases and physical distance from the service centre (50.00%). Of all responding farmers, 58.54% preferred the government service, 21.14% liked both services equally and 20.33% preferred the private service. Farmers' indiscriminate use of drugs from the black market (23.00%) was also mentioned as a problem by private practitioners. Sustainable improvement of animal health service delivery needs increased awareness for all stakeholders and a well-regulated private service in order to mitigate the constraints apparent in the government service.

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“…1). The actions taken within these components are intended to improve the health and well-being of animals and humans (23). For the purposes of this study these three concepts relate specifically to the following:…”

Section: The Components Of An Animal Health Care Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term paraprofessional is used for people who lack university level qualifications. They usually lack autonomy, as their work is supposed to be controlled by members of the profession, if one is present (23).…”

Section: Professionals or Paraprofessionalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The provision of animal health care to smallholders in Africa: an analytical approach

Bossche

Thys²,

Elyn³

et al. 2004

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Many of the problems associated with the delivery of quality veterinary services to smallholders in Africa are attributed to the complexity of the provision of animal health care (AHC) in sub-Saharan Africa. In this region, a holistic and analytical approach is needed to determine area-specific requirements for sustainable, and thus quality, AHC. This study examines three components of the animal health care system in sub-Saharan Africa, namely, the structure, the process and the outcomes. It focuses particularly on the factors that contribute to the quality of the structure and the process. For this purpose, two measures of quality are used, i.e. availability (in relation to the structure) and acceptability (in relation to the process). The authors identify factors that affect the availability and acceptability of AHC and suggest ways in which they, and hence the quality of AHC provided to smallholders in Africa, can be improved.

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Veterinary ethics in the liberalised market: the Zambian environment

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Rabies Status in Zambia for the Period 1985–2004

Rabies Status in Zambia for the Period 1985–2004

Constraints in animal health service delivery and sustainable improvement alternatives in North Gondar, Ethiopia

The provision of animal health care to smallholders in Africa: an analytical approach

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