Viability of pathogenic dermatophytes during a 4-week treatment with 1% topical luliconazole for tinea pedis

Iwanaga, Takashi; Ushigami, Tsuyoshi; Anzawa, Kazushi; Mochizuki, Takashi

doi:10.1093/mmy/myz056

Cited by 11 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…According to the recent increase in dermatophytosis and emergence of antifungal drug resistance, performing reliable AFST is essential, particularly for chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis 38 . In the current study, LUL (GM MIC 0.03‐0.05 μg mL ‐1 ) was the most effective agent against all tested isolates, the result which is in agreement with that of previous studies conducted in Iran, Japan and India 15,24,34,39 . Koga et al 38 showed that the MIC 90 values of LUL for T rubrum and T mentagrophytes were lower than those for other isolates; however, in the present study, it was the most effective drug against all dermatophyte isolates 40 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Although tinea pedis is not a life‐threatening condition, it is associated with difficulties in performing daily activities, and consequently, affects the quality of life 33 . Previous studies have shown relapses and failure to treat tinea pedis with routine antifungal agents 31,33‐35 . Therefore, reliable diagnosis and efficient treatment of tinea pedis are important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility among clinical isolates of dermatophytes in Shiraz, Iran (2017‐2019)

Zareshahrabadi

Totonchi

Rezaei‐Matehkolaei

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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Dermatophytosis is a common superficial mycotic infection affecting individual's quality of life worldwide. The present study aimed to perform species‐level identification and evaluate the antifungal susceptibility patterns of dermatophytes isolated in Shiraz, Iran. This cross‐sectional study was conducted on clinical samples collected during 2017‐2019 from 307 patients suspected of having dermatophytosis. The isolates were identified by direct microscopy, culture and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequencing, and their antifungal susceptibility patterns were determined by the microdilution method. Among 307 patients, dermatophytosis was diagnosed by microscopy in 190 (61.8%) subjects and confirmed in 130 (42.3%) cases by both microscopy and culture. It was found out tinea pedis was the most common clinical manifestation, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most prevalent species (28.4%), followed by T tonsurans (23.8%), Microsporum canis (11.5%), T interdigitale (10%), T verrucosum (6.9%), T rubrum (6.9%), T benhamiae (4.6%), T violaceum (3%), T simii (3%), Epidermophyton floccosum (0.7%) and M ferrugineum (0.7%). Moreover, it was revealed that luliconazole with a geometric mean (GM) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.03 μg ml‐1 was the most effective agent against all tested isolates. Regardless of species, 30% of isolates responded to high MICs of griseofulvin (MIC90 > 2 μg ml‐1). The increasing prevalence of nonindigenous species of T simii, T benhamiae and M ferrugineum in Shiraz, Iran, was a notable finding. In addition, infections due to zoophilic species showed an increasing trend. These epidemiological data, along with antifungal susceptibility patterns, may have implications for clinical decision‐making and successful treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility among clinical isolates of dermatophytes in Shiraz, Iran (2017‐2019)

Zareshahrabadi

Totonchi

Rezaei‐Matehkolaei

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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“…Among them, the evaluation method for viability was developed using qPCR targeting the ITS region of rDNA, which revealed a correlation between ITS DNA and CFU 48 hours after death in T. interdigitale 21 . In addition, the amounts of rDNA in toe nail and skin specimens from patients with tinea pedis and tinea unguium were quantified using the ITS region of rDNA targeted by qPCR 33‐35 . By combining the investigation of rDNA copy numbers with the quantification of rDNA amounts in specimens, it will be possible to estimate the amount of T. interdigitale in affected sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 In addition, the amounts of rDNA in toe nail and skin specimens from patients with tinea pedis and tinea unguium were quantified using the ITS region of rDNA targeted by qPCR. [33][34][35] By combining the investigation of rDNA copy numbers with the quantification of rDNA amounts in specimens, it will be possible to estimate the amount of T. interdigitale in affected sites. This finding may provide a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying the attenuation and recalcitrance of dermatophytosis caused by T. interdigitale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in ribosomal DNA copy numbers in a genome of Trichophyton interdigitale

Iwanaga

Anzawa

Mochizuki

2020

Mycoses

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Summary Background Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) reportedly has multiple copies in the fungal genome. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in rDNA is useful for investigating relationships between close taxonomic relatives. Thus, ITS has been widely used as a target gene in medical mycology for the detection of pathogenic fungi and identification of fungal species. However, the rDNA copy number in a genome of Trichophyton interdigitale, the pathogen causing dermatophytosis, currently remains unknown. Objective Clarification of the rDNA copy number in a genome of T. interdigitale. Methods rDNA copy numbers in 64 clinical isolates of T. interdigitale were examined using quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) with the absolute quantitative method targeting TruMDR2, a single‐copy control gene and the ITS region in rDNA. Results The copy numbers of the rDNA subunit varied among the 64 strains tested, from 24 to 116 copies per genome. The average rDNA copy number ± standard deviation was 59 ± 16. No correlations were observed between the rDNA copy number and colony colour, colony morphology or molecular type of the non‐transcribed spacer region in rDNA. Experiments on rDNA copy numbers obtained from independent colonies of each strain in single‐spore cultures revealed that the copy number was homogeneous within each strain. Conclusion This is the first study to estimate copy numbers of the rDNA subunit in a genome of T. interdigitale. The rDNA copy number of T. interdigitale varied among the strains tested and was homogeneous within each strain.

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“… 22 qPCR has comparable sensitivity to potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination and nail culture assay by colony-forming unit. 23–25 A total of 12 nails per group (1 or 2 nails per foot) was measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study between two antifungal agents, Luliconazole and Efinaconazole, of their preventive effects in a Trichophyton-infected guinea pig onychomycosis model

et al. 2021

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An efficacious period of two topical antifungal drugs was compared in a Trichophyton mentagrophytes-infected onychomycosis model in guinea pigs treated with antifungal drugs prior to infection. Luliconazole 5% (LLCZ) and efinaconazole 10% (EFCZ) test solutions were applied to the animals’ nails once daily for 2 weeks followed by a nontreatment period of 2, 4, and 8 weeks. After each nontreatment period, the nails were artificially infected by the fungus. Drug efficacy was quantitatively evaluated by qPCR and histopathological examination of the nails collected following a 4-week post-infection period. The fungal infection was confirmed in the untreated group. Both LLCZ and EFCZ prevented fungal infection in the treated groups with the nontreatment period of 2 weeks. After the nontreatment period of 4 weeks, no infection was observed in the LLCZ-treated group; however, infection into the nail surface and fungal invasion into the nail bed were observed in the EFCZ-treated group. After the nontreatment period of 8 weeks, fungi were found in the nail surface and nail bed in some nails treated with EFCZ; however, no infection was observed in the nail bed of the LLCZ-treated group. The results suggest that LLCZ possesses longer-lasting antifungal effect in nails of the guinea pigs than EFCZ, and that this animal model could be useful for translational research between preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate the pharmacological efficacy of antifungal drugs to treat onychomycosis. This experimentally shown longer-lasting preventive effects of LLCZ could also decrease the likelihoods of onychomycosis recurrence clinically.

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Viability of pathogenic dermatophytes during a 4-week treatment with 1% topical luliconazole for tinea pedis

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility among clinical isolates of dermatophytes in Shiraz, Iran (2017‐2019)

Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility among clinical isolates of dermatophytes in Shiraz, Iran (2017‐2019)

Variations in ribosomal DNA copy numbers in a genome of Trichophyton interdigitale

A comparative study between two antifungal agents, Luliconazole and Efinaconazole, of their preventive effects in a Trichophyton-infected guinea pig onychomycosis model

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