Victim–Offender Overlap

Reingle, Jennifer M.

doi:10.1002/9781118517390.wbetc139

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This suggests that there is a greater propensity among participants to see those experiencing homelessness in light of their offending behaviour than their victimisation. This supports the idea that the offending behaviour of certain groups may overshadow their vulnerabilities and victimisation within the public imagination, pointing to society's unwillingness to discern delinquent victims (Miers, 2011;Reingle, 2014).…”

Section: The Homeless Offendersupporting

confidence: 71%

“…However, this represents a false dichotomy (Reingle, 2014). Paradoxically, there is a significant body of research which points to the overlap between victimisation and offending, between victims and offenders (Chang et al, 2003;Dobrin, 2001;Fiegelman et al, 2000;Hass and Hannis, 2017;Jennings et al, 2010;Kuhlhom, 1990;Mayhew and Elliott, 1990;Reingle, 2014).…”

Section: Being Seen As a Victimmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drawing out perceptions: Using drawing as a method to understand public perceptions of homelessness and crime

Long

2023

International Review of Victimology

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This article considers the ways in which we as a society see victims of crime, particularly those who fall into Miers’ category of ‘delinquent victims’. Focusing on homelessness in the United Kingdom, the article is critical of the ‘victim’ label, which is arguably at odds with real crime victims, yet produces the victims we do see as well as those we do not. While those experiencing homelessness suffer from heightened levels of victimisation, they are also less likely to attain victim status. The following discussion seeks to rationalise this paradox by suggesting that being seen as homeless is somehow incompatible with being seen as a victim. Given the importance of the visual, drawing is employed as a research method to understand public perceptions of homelessness and crime. The resulting visual representations are unanticipated, yet significant, and often omit the crime component entirely, instead focusing on stereotypical representations of homelessness. The article concludes by emphasising the importance of seeing and suggests directions for future research.

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Section: The Homeless Offendersupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Being Seen As a Victimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drawing out perceptions: Using drawing as a method to understand public perceptions of homelessness and crime

Long

2023

International Review of Victimology

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“…First, spending time with individuals engaging in criminal activity may place one in situations where they are more likely to encounter violence. Indeed, past research indicates that affiliation with deviant peers is associated with increased involvement in crime and the victimoffender overlap is well-documented (Brezina & Azimi, 2018;Reingle, 2014;Wojciechowski, 2018). Second, and relatedly, criminal peers may be more likely to be violent themselves, and disagreements between friends could be more likely to escalate into violent situations.…”

Section: Psychological and Sociological Constructs As Mediatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding How Cumulative Victimization Predicts Future Victimization Risk: Relevance of Cognitive Versus Social Mediation

Wojciechowski

2021

Criminal Justice Review

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Cumulative victimization represents the summation of victimization experiences across multiple contexts, with greater accumulation generally predicting greater dysfunction than less accumulation of exposures. Past research has indicated that cumulative victimization predicts increased risk for future revictimization also. The dual systems model may help to understand this relationship. This framework comprises constructs of sensation-seeking and impulse control in developmental context. Deviant peer association may provide a social factor that helps to understand this relationship. Victimization has been found to influence all of these constructs identified here. It is predicted that increased accumulation of victimization experiences may drive variation in these constructs that results in elevated risk for revictimization. This study sought to test the theory that each of these three constructs independently mediated the cumulative victimization–revictimization relationship. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. This sample was comprised of 1,354 juvenile offenders followed for 7 years after a recent adjudication prior to baseline measurements. The first three waves of data were used in analyses. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to test for the relationships of interest. A bootstrapping process of computing standard errors was carried out to determine significance of mediation effects. Results indicated that increased cumulative victimization scores at baseline predicted increased probability of experiencing victimization at Wave 3. This relationship was attenuated by about 15% when all mediators were added to the model and the relationship remained significant. Further analyses indicated that the specific indirect effect running through deviant peer association was significant, as was the total indirect effect. Findings indicate that increases in cumulative victimization may result in increased affiliation with deviant peers that further increases their future victimization risk. Service providers for survivors of violence should focus on screening of social relationships of those they provide care for in order to assess safety concerns.

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“…Research in non-TJ contexts also demonstrates that offenders and victims can often be the same individuals, encapsulated by the 'victim-offender overlap'. This is a 'phenomenon where a person's offending activity and victimization experiences are positively correlated' (Schreck and Stewart, 2011); notably 'the overlap is more persistent among some groups than others' (Reingle, 2014). The above demonstrates the complicated ways in which victims' and offenders' roles and responsibilities intermingle and overlap during criminal incidents and over time, which, in turn, complicates the victim/perpetrator binary.…”

Section: The Evolution Of Victimhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining victims and perpetrators in post-conflict Nepal

Selim

2017

International Review of Victimology

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The transitional justice (TJ) agenda in Nepal has been largely circumscribed by TJ experts, brokers and implementers. While participation provides avenues for victims, among others, to be involved in TJ processes, many actors, including victims, will engage in participatory activities according to their own interests. Yet, we must ask, who are considered victims? Who determines whether someone is a victim and what implications, if any, does this determination have and what do victims want? This article examines the 'victim' label in Nepal. I argue that victimhood is often connected with state support. I also argue that the way TJ scholars and practitioners identify victims, based on the harm caused, does not always align with the way community members perceive victimhood, which is often based on suffering.

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Victim–Offender Overlap

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Drawing out perceptions: Using drawing as a method to understand public perceptions of homelessness and crime

Drawing out perceptions: Using drawing as a method to understand public perceptions of homelessness and crime

Understanding How Cumulative Victimization Predicts Future Victimization Risk: Relevance of Cognitive Versus Social Mediation

Examining victims and perpetrators in post-conflict Nepal

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