Victimization and HIV Risks Among Croatian Female Sex Workers

Štulhofer, Aleksandar; Sinković, Matija; Božić, Jasmina; Baćak, Valerio

doi:10.1177/1077801216636241

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…That social support does not show to have a buffering role in HIV vulnerability among females is contradictory to findings from past studies. As these studies (e.g., [23, 67]) focused on female sex workers, rather than females drawn from a general population, the difference in results may be attributed to the variation of study samples. Literature has also suggested that varied sources of social and emotional support (e.g., informal vs. formal) and types of social networks (e.g., family, partners, friends) can result in different effect on HIV risk behaviors for females [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been a rising interest in understanding the link between mental health problems and HIV risk behaviors. Specifically, mental health problems and HIV risk behaviors are correlated among men who have sex with men [13–20], drug injection users [21, 22], female sex workers [23], immigrants [24, 25], transgender women [26], and in general population [27–29]. Together, these studies indicate that people with mental health needs may have increased vulnerability to HIV risk behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the buffering hypothesis [39] suggests that emotional support gained from the social networks can serve as a buffer, protecting the individuals in the face of stressful events and increasing coping. In a survey study that involved 157 female sex workers in Croatia, the researchers identified that social support attenuated the association between victimization and HIV risks (i.e., STI diagnosis) and that female sex workers had highest odds of sexual risk when they had little or no social support, compared to those had moderate or high support [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social support, mental health needs, and HIV risk behaviors: a gender-specific, correlation study

2019

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Background The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to threaten the health and wellbeing of millions in the United States and worldwide. Syndemic theory suggests that HIV/AIDS can cooccur with other afflictions. As close to 20% of US adults live with a mental health condition, it is critical to understand the correlation between HIV risk behaviors and mental health needs, as well as protective factors such as social support in intervening the association between mental distress and HIV risk behaviors. Furthermore, as past research has shown mixed results concerning the function of social support on HIV risks by gender, it is important to conduct a gender-specific analysis. Methods To assess the relationship between mental health needs, social support, and HIV risk behaviors, and to assess if social support can be a buffer, weakening the effect of mental health needs on HIV risk, in 2018, we analyzed representative, cross-sectional data from 2016 BRFSS collected from 33,705 individuals from four states in the United States, stratified by gender. Weighted logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, race, marital status, education, and annual income, assessed the correlation between mental health needs, social support, and HIV risk behaviors. Furthermore, interaction analyses were performed to see if social support modifies the slope of mental health needs as a function of HIV risk behaviors. Results For both genders, the odds of participating in HIV risk behaviors increase with mental health needs and decrease with the level of social support. Furthermore, social support mitigates the association between mental health needs and HIV risk behavior involvement for males, as males receiving high level of social support have least odds of HIV risk behaviors relative to males receiving low level of social support. Notably, for females, social support does not serve as a buffer against HIV risk behaviors when their mental health needs increase. Conclusion The study contributes to the knowledge base of HIV prevention and highlights the important role of mental health and social support against HIV risk behaviors when developing gender-specific prevention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social support, mental health needs, and HIV risk behaviors: a gender-specific, correlation study

2019

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“…En consecuencia, incrementa la victimización, puesto que justifica las agresiones (Comack & Seshia, 2010, en Štulhofer et al, 2016. Así, las trabajadoras sexuales podemos presentar un mayor índice de violencias padecidas, tanto por parte de nuestra pareja, como de los clientes o la policía (Štulhofer et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Descripción Del Estigma De Prostitutaunclassified

El impacto psicológico del estigma de prostituta

Villar¹

2020

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Los diagnósticos que más se repiten en la literatura que analiza la relación entre psicopatología en el trabajo sexual son “Depresión”, “Trastorno de Estrés Post-Traumático” y “Trastorno relacionado con las sustancias”. Acerca de su causalidad, los profesionales de la salud mental suelen extraer conclusiones esencialistas y psicopatologizantes, ya que conciben el trabajo sexual como una actividad inherentemente violenta. Este tipo de lectura, sin embargo, no analiza el papel causal del estigma en el padecimiento de trastornos, mediante diferentes tipos de violencia: la afectación del autoconcepto (baja autoestima y autoeficacia), la afectación de las relaciones interpersonales (aislamiento social y problemas -e incluso maltrato- con el entorno) y violencia institucional (legislaciones punitivistas, atención estigmatizante por parte de los servicios de asistencia y los servicios de salud -incluyendo salud mental- y abandono -pobreza, falta de oportunidades y de alternativas laborales-). El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la causalidad del estigma en la generación, desarrollo y mantenimiento de la Depresión, el TEPT y el consumo de sustancias. La finalidad es que el profesional de la salud mental los tenga en cuenta en el análisis del problema y el diseño del tratamiento, a fin de que éstos sean más acertados y las conclusiones no se basen en estereotipos.

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Prevalence of suicidality, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Millán-Alanís

Carranza-Navarro

León-Gutiérrez

et al. 2021

Arch Womens Ment Health

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Purpose: To assess prevalence of suicidality, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety among female sex workers (FSW). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Search strategy was performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Ovid and Cochrane Central Database from inception until March 2020. Considered for inclusion were cross-sectional studies performed on FSW that assessed prevalence of any of the following: suicide attempt or suicidal ideation, depression, PTSD, or anxiety. Five reviewers independently and in duplicate to select all eligible articles in an abstract and full-text screening phase and to moreover extract information from each study. A binomial-normal generalized linear mixed model was employed to estimate prevalence of the conditions.Results: From 8,035 studies yielded in the search strategy, 55 were included for analysis. The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt was 27% (95% C.I. 18-39%) and 20% (95% C.I. 13-28%), respectively. Furthermore, overall prevalence of depression and PTSD was 44% (95% C.I. 35-54%) and 29% (95% C.I. 18-44%), respectively. Eleven studies were classi ed as high quality. Conclusion:Findings indicate there is an overall high prevalence of suicidality, depression, and PTSD among FSW. Development of accessible large-scale interventions that assess mental health among this population remains critical.

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Victimization and HIV Risks Among Croatian Female Sex Workers

Cited by 8 publications

References 68 publications

Social support, mental health needs, and HIV risk behaviors: a gender-specific, correlation study

Social support, mental health needs, and HIV risk behaviors: a gender-specific, correlation study

El impacto psicológico del estigma de prostituta

Prevalence of suicidality, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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