Views on grand research challenges for Quaternary geology, geomorphology and environments

Forman, Steven L.; Stinchcomb, Gary E.

doi:10.3389/feart.2015.00047

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Under these premises, the main challenges for Earth science may be defined. Many major challenges of several subdisciplines of Earth science have been already recently proposed, in general documents (ESA, 2013) or in more detail, as in dedicated papers on seismology (Lay, 2009), geodynamics (Olsen et al, 2010), terrestrial microbiology (Stein and Nicol, 2011), atmospheric science (Gimeno, 2013), structural geology and tectonics (Gudmundsson, 2013), geomagnetism and paleomagnetism, (Kodama, 2013), climate (Beniston, 2013), volcanology (Acocella, 2014), environmental informatics (Kokhanovsky, 2014), biogeochemistry (Achterberg, 2014), paleontology (Reisz and Sues, 2015), biogeoscience (Eglinton, 2015), and Quaternary geology and geomorphology (Forman and Stinchcomb, 2015).…”

Section: The Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand challenges in Earth science: research toward a sustainable environment

Acocella

2015

Front. Earth Sci.

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Section: The Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand challenges in Earth science: research toward a sustainable environment

Acocella

2015

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Understanding the global patterning of hominin and Homo sapiens ’ dispersal is a key research theme for Quaternary scientists ( 1 – 2 ). Until relatively recently, a convincing case could be made that certain environments were uninhabitable for hominins (e.g., islands, deserts, and mountain ranges), with such regions’ subsequent colonization by anatomically modern humans (AMHs), a clear reflection of more evolutionarily advanced capabilities ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earliest occupation of the Central Aegean (Naxos), Greece: Implications for hominin andHomo sapiens’ behavior and dispersals

et al. 2019

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We present evidence of Middle Pleistocene activity in the central Aegean Basin at the chert extraction and reduction complex of Stelida (Naxos, Greece). Luminescence dating places ~9000 artifacts in a stratigraphic sequence from ~13 to 200 thousand years ago (ka ago). These artifacts include Mousterian products, which arguably provide first evidence for Neanderthals in the region. This dated material attests to a much earlier history of regional exploration than previously believed, opening the possibility of alternative routes into Southeast Europe from Anatolia (and Africa) for (i) hominins, potentially during sea level lowstands (e.g., Marine Isotope Stage 8) permitting terrestrial crossings across the Aegean, and (ii) Homo sapiens of the Early Upper Paleolithic (Aurignacian), conceivably by sea.

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Where Are We and Where Are We Going? Pedogenesis Through Chemical Weathering, Hydrologic Fluxes, and Bioturbation

Hunt

Egli

Faybishenko

2021

Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation

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A review of the status of fundamental research into soil genesis and development is given, together with a discussion of the outstanding problems from various perspectives, such as the geological, hydrological, and soil ecological points of view. The urgency of understanding what soil is, how it forms and evolves, relates fundamentally to its connection with the cycling of water and those elements of deep significance to biology, e.g. carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as to the uptake and fate of the (mostly) solar energy input. The coupling is inherent in the close relationships between soil genesis and the formative process of chemical weathering, together with its abiotic drawdown of atmospheric carbon, as well as the relationship between soil evolution and the biological processes that change the soil. Each of these phases links soils to the atmospheric carbon composition and the Earth's climate system. More recently, the link between soil formation and Earth's water cycle has become clearer with the recognition that field weathering rates are more likely flux-limited (water, organic acids, and reaction products) than kinetics-limited. While a link between water and CO2 drawdown appears explicit in the photosynthetic reaction, the relationship between plant productivity and transpiration fundamentally links water and cycling of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The summary is intended to place the works of the present book into the context of present research efforts and future goals.

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Views on grand research challenges for Quaternary geology, geomorphology and environments

Abstract: Citation:Forman SL and Stinchcomb GE (2015) Views on grand research challenges for Quaternary geology, geomorphology and environments.

Cited by 6 publications

References 67 publications

Grand challenges in Earth science: research toward a sustainable environment

Grand challenges in Earth science: research toward a sustainable environment

Earliest occupation of the Central Aegean (Naxos), Greece: Implications for hominin andHomo sapiens’ behavior and dispersals

Where Are We and Where Are We Going? Pedogenesis Through Chemical Weathering, Hydrologic Fluxes, and Bioturbation

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