Violence against children and intimate partner violence against women: overlap and common contributing factors among caregiver-adolescent dyads

Abstract

Background: Intimate partner violence against women (IPV) and violence against children (VAC) are both global epidemics with long-term health consequences. The vast majority of research to date focuses on either IPV or VAC, however the intersections between these types of violence are a growing area of global attention. A significant need exists for empirical research on the overlap of IPV and VAC, especially in contexts with particularly high rates of both types of violence. Methods: This exploratory study includes secondary analysis of data from a cluster randomized controlled trial in Ugandan schools. Using baseline reports from a random sample of early adolescents attending school and their caregivers, this study uses a probability sample across all eligible schools of adolescent-caregiver dyads (n = 535). We categorized adolescent-caregiver dyads into four groups: those reporting VAC 'only', IPV 'only', both VAC and IPV, or 'no violence'. Two separate multinomial logistic regression models for male and female caregivers explored adolescent and caregiver characteristics associated with the VAC 'only', the IPV 'only', or the both VAC and IPV dyads, each compared to the 'no violence' dyad. Results: One third of dyads reported both IPV and VAC and nearly 75% of dyads reported VAC or IPV. Dyads reporting IPV were more likely to also report VAC. Common contributing factors for female caregiver-adolescent dyads with both VAC and IPV include lower SES, less caregiver education, higher caregiver mental distress, more frequent caregiver alcohol use, and caregivers who report less emotional attachment to their intimate partner. Male caregiver-adolescent dyads with both VAC and IPV included caregivers with less emotional attachment to their intimate partner and more attitudes accepting VAC. Conclusions: Findings reveal a significant overlap of IPV and VAC and the importance for violence prevention and response programming to consider coordinated or integrated programming. Unique results for female and male caregivers highlight the importance of a gendered approach to addressing IPV and VAC intersections. Trial registration: The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01678846, on September 5, 2012.

Intimate partner violence against women and child maltreatment in a Brazilian birth cohort study: co-occurrence and shared risk factors

“…20 The second study, including around 300 Ugandan adolescents, found that overlapping IPV and CM was associated with lower caregiver education and SES (socioeconomic status), lower partner attachment and higher mental distress and alcohol use among female caregivers and lower partner attachment as well as attitudes favouring violence against children among male caregivers. 22 No studies of risk factors for IPV and CM among young children were found. The current study empirically confirms, in a large population-based birth cohort, the theoretical proposition, derived principally from two parallel literatures, that IPV and CM share many risk factors.…”

“… 21 Participants reporting only IPV or only CM had many similar characteristics, but co-occurrence was particularly likely in the context of non-violent marital conflict and parental drug use. Two school surveys of Ugandan adolescents 20 22 found substantial overlap between IPV and CM (present for about one quarter to one-third of the adolescents), and one survey 22 showed this co-occurrence was associated with lower caregiver education, less emotional attachment in the partner relationship and higher caregiver mental distress and alcohol use. In short, there are very few recent representative studies of the overlap between IPV and CM and possible shared risk factors.…”

Consenso de expertos sobre las medidas de protecci´ón a hijos e hijas víctimas de violencia de género

“…La violencia de género ha sido reconocida como una violación de los derechos humanos y un problema global de salud pública (World Health Organization [WHO], 2016) con secuelas, especialmente psicológicas, tanto en las mujeres maltratadas (Rosser et al, 2020;Vilariño et al, 2018) como en los/as hijos/as como víctimas directas e indirectas (Carlson et al, 2020;WHO, 2016), si bien estos han sido frecuentemente invisibilizados como víctimas (Fantuzzo et al, 2000;Novo et al, 2016). La literatura revela que la exposición a la violencia de género produce en los hijos e hijas consecuencias físicas, psicoemocionales, conductuales y escolares (Alisic et al, 2015;Carracedo et al, 2018;Seijo et al, 2009;Seijo et al, 2016).…”

Proteção Social Emergencial No Contexto Da Pandemia Da Covid-19 No Estado Do Amazonas

“…Considerada como um grave problema de saúde pública, tanto pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) quanto pelo Ministério da Saúde brasileiro, a violência vem tomando proporções globais assustadoras nas últimas décadas, sobretudo aquelas ocorridas no seio familiar, vitimando crianças e adolescentes naquele espaço que por pressuposição deveria garantir segurança, proteção e apoio para o crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil adequados 1,2 .…”

“…direitos básicos -como moradia, transporte e educação, expressividade esta que culminou na institucionalização da questão urbana, viabilizada pelo Estatuto da Cidade em 20011 . Em Marituba, no entanto, a precarização das condições de vida vai além da Nacional de Meio Ambiente, estabelecida pela Lei nº 6.938, de 31 de agosto de 1981, que tem como objetivo a preservação, melhoria e recuperação da qualidade ambiental propícia à vida humana.…”