Violence against women during pregnancy: sistematized revision

Abstract

r e p r o d c l i m . 2 0 1 4;2 9(2):71-79 Reprodução & Climatério h t t p : / / w w w . s b r h . o r g . b r / r e v i s t a Violence against women Domestic violence Pregnancy a b s t r a c tViolence against women is widely recognized as a serious public health problem. The pregnancy is a risk factor for increasing the violence, especially when it is related to socioeconomic conditions. The objective of this work is to ascertain the relation between violence against women during pregnancy in developed countries and in developing countries. It was performed a systematized review. It was proceeded a search of the literature through online databases MEDLINE and SciELO in December 2013, only with articles published between January 1, 2003 and November 30, 2013. The following descriptors were used for searching on the database "domestic violence" (Medical Subject Headings [MeSH]); "violence against women" (Health Sciences Descriptors [DeCS]); and "pregnancy" (Keyword). The Search strategies resulted in 71 studies. After analysis of the titles and abstracts of articles found for eligibility based on inclusion criteria, 43 articles were deleted and 28 articles were included in the final sample. The study revealed the predominance of researches developed about violence against women during pregnancy in developing countries, strengthening the strong socio-economic character related to victims and aggressors. Violência contra a mulher durante a gravidez: revisão sistematizada Palavras-chave: Violência contra a mulher Violência doméstica Gravidez r e s u m o A violência contra a mulher é amplamente reconhecida como grave problema de saúde pública a gestação se configura em um incremento ao risco de violência, especialmente quando relacionada a condiç ões sócio-econômicas. O objetivo desse trabalho é verificar a relação entre a violência contra a mulher na gestação em países desenvolvidos e países em 72 r e p r o d c l i m . 2 0 1 4;2 9(2):71-79 com desenvolvimento. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática qualitativa. Procedeu-se busca na literatura através de bases de dados on line MEDLINE e SicELO em dezembro de 2013, limitando-se a artigos publicados entre 1 de janeiro de 2003 e 30 de novembro de 2013. Utilizaram-se os seguintes descritores para a busca na base "domestic violence" (descritor Medical Subject Headings [MeSH]); "violence against women" (descritor em Ciên-cias da Saúde [DeCS]); e "gravidez" (palavra-chave). As estratégias de buscas resultaram em 71 estudos. Após análise dos títulos e dos resumos dos artigos encontrados para elegibilidade com base nos critérios de inclusão, 43 artigos foram excluídos e 28 artigos foram incluídos na amostra final. O estudo revelou a predominância de pesquisas desenvolvidas acerca da violência contra a mulher na gestação em países em desenvolvimento, fortalecendo o forte caráter sócio-econômico relacionado às vítimas e aos agressores.

Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Social Support on Violence against Pregnant Women: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

“…A review of the literature did not identify studies using socioeconomic status, social support and violence as constructs or using structural equation modeling in their analyses [1–5,8]. A limitation of the present study was the fact that the subjects from both samples were part of a convenience sample that was not representative of the entire population of pregnant women in the municipalities.…”

“…Because of these high rates and negative repercussions on the health and life of women and their children, several studies have sought to identify factors associated with violence during pregnancy, among them, socioeconomic status (SES) and social support [1,2,4,8]. …”

“…Less investigated than SES [1,2,5,8], social support concerns the different resources offered by a social network to persons in situations of need [15,16]. Two studies analyzed in a literature review showed that social support was a protective factor against physical violence, although a third one did not detect this association [1].…”

Is the likelihood of spousal violence lower or higher among childless women? Evidence from Nigeria demographic and health surveys

“…Evidence abounds that spousal violence is prevalent with deleterious effects on women’s health across the world [ 27 – 29 ]. It is more worrisome that spousal violence is also widely reported against pregnant women [ 30 – 32 ].…”

Domestic Violence among Pregnant Women Attending the Ante-Natal Clinic of Primary Health Care Centre, Itu, Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria

“…For instance a multicentre study coordinated by the WHO found out that the prevalence of partner violence against women generally varies between 15% in Japan and 71% in Ethiopia. 1,12 Substituting the values in the above formula gives 200% (to the nearest ten). A convenient sampling method was used and pregnant women were recruited conveniently as they came into the clinic.…”