Violent men: An inquiry into the psychology of violence (rev. ed.).

Toch, Hans

doi:10.1037/10135-000

Cited by 115 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…Researchers examining the occurrence of aggression theorize that individuals feel a psychological need to engage in confrontations when they feel their identity is being threatened ( Wolfgang 1958 ;Luckenbill 1977 ;Katz 1988 ;Toch 1992). According to Tajfel and Turner (1979) , our identity is composed from our self-image (i.e.…”

Section: Defending the Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the companionship of predominantly working-class males, limited contact with females and the autocratic nature of the prison regime can encourage and reinforce defi nitions of masculinity based on ' toughness ' and power ( Scraton et al 1991 ;Sim 1994 ;Sabo et al 2004). This can lead male prisoners to feel pressurized to behave aggressively in order to demonstrate their masculinity and defend and/or improve their reputation ( Sykes 1958 ;Toch 1977 ;Sim 1994 ;Sabo et al 2001 ). For those already associating ' toughness ' with ' manliness ' , the use of aggression to demonstrate their masculinity may be reinforced ( Sim 1994 ;Crewe 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In particular, behaviours which threaten male prisoners ' masculinity can prompt them to behave aggressively as they attempt to conform to prisoner norms of masculinity and obtain status amongst their male peers ( Sykes 1958 ;Toch 1977 ;Sim 1994 ;Sabo et al 2001 ;Crewe 2005 a ;. However, confrontations can arise as prisoners attempt to protect their identity and reputation not only in the prison environment, but also in the wider community (see Crewe 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Bosworth 1999 ;Bosworth and Carrabine 2001 ;Carrabine 2003 ). As a result, confrontations can occur as individuals attempt to release frustrations and return a sense of power and control to the self ( Sykes 1958 ;Toch 1977 ;Edgar et al 2003 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Prisoners also tend to behave aggressively over incidents of disrespect, threats and challenges to their identity ( Sykes 1958 ;Toch 1977 ;Sim 1994 ;Edgar et al 2003 ). In particular, behaviours which threaten male prisoners ' masculinity can prompt them to behave aggressively as they attempt to conform to prisoner norms of masculinity and obtain status amongst their male peers ( Sykes 1958 ;Toch 1977 ;Sim 1994 ;Sabo et al 2001 ;Crewe 2005 a ;.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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What are you Looking at?: Prisoner Confrontations and the Search for Respect

Butler¹

2008

British Journal of Criminology

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Section: Defending the Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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What are you Looking at?: Prisoner Confrontations and the Search for Respect

Butler¹

2008

British Journal of Criminology

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Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

1998

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This study examined the level of self‐esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty‐eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self‐esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self‐esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self‐esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self‐esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self‐esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Differentiating stranger murders: profiling offender characteristics from behavioral styles

1999

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The literature on “offender profiling” suggests that different “styles” of homicide will reflect differences in the background characteristics of the offender. To test this suggestion, hypotheses were drawn from studies of aggression to propose that murder crime scenes would reveal stylistic distinctions in the role of the aggression in the offense. It was further hypothesized that these distinctions would be clearest for those crime scene indicators that reflect the instrument (cognitive) actions that shape the offense rather than the more expressive (impulsive and emotional) components. Hypotheses about associated offender characteristics were also deduced on the assumption that the murder scene theme revealed the killers' typical styles of interpersonal transaction. To test these hypotheses MDS analyses were carried out on the crime scene and offender characteristics derived from 82 single offender, single victim stranger homicides. A multivariate structure resulted, including all three hypothesized styles, allowing 65% of the cases to be assigned to unique styles and a further 36% to be assigned to appropriate hybrids. Offender characteristics related in the anticipated way to the different crime scene styles, providing a basis for law enforcement inferences about offenders in stranger murders. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Violent men: An inquiry into the psychology of violence (rev. ed.).

Cited by 115 publications

References 0 publications

What are you Looking at?: Prisoner Confrontations and the Search for Respect

What are you Looking at?: Prisoner Confrontations and the Search for Respect

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

Differentiating stranger murders: profiling offender characteristics from behavioral styles

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