Viral and Host Factors are Related to the Progression of HIV Diseases in Mimika, Papua

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Papua has a high cumulative number of HIV, which has expanded epidemic status with the most risk factors are heterosexuals.
 AIM: This study aims to determine factors associated with HIV disease progression include host and viral factors.
 METHODS: Eighty-four subjects recruited in Rumah Sakit Mitra Masyarakat (RSMM) VCT’s laboratory, interviewed with questionnaires and also did laboratory examinations. HIV-1 subtypes were identified using RT-PCR, nested PCR and sequencing. Then, CD4+ data is checked using PIMA Analyzer. Demographic and clinical data obtained from the patient's medical record. After collected, data were analysed using Fisher's exact test.
 RESULTS: The results showed two factors that influence the progression of HIV disease were HIV subtypes (p = 0.002) and Body Mass Index (p = 0.033). The HIV-1 subtype also correlated with CD4+ levels with a value of p = 0.04.
 CONCLUSION: HIV-1 subtype correlates with HIV progression, so it is necessary to develop HIV/AIDS management strategies and clinical counselling.

Changes in Primary HIV-1 Drug Resistance Due to War Migration from Eastern Europe

“…This concern is illustrated by HIV-2 and group O strains of HIV-1, which possess intrinsic resistance to NNRTIs [ 25 – 27 ]. Among others, it was also proven that likelihood of AIDS developing was increased in the patients infected with a non-A subtype, in others studies such connection was not confirmed [ 28 – 32 ]. In our trail 26% of Ukrainian (79% of all cohort infected with subtype A) versus 50% of Polish patients (75% of all cohort with subtype B) were late presenters (p < 0.05), which is consistent with the results from previously performed studies [ 28 , 31 , 32 ].…”

“…Among others, it was also proven that likelihood of AIDS developing was increased in the patients infected with a non-A subtype, in others studies such connection was not confirmed [ 28 – 32 ]. In our trail 26% of Ukrainian (79% of all cohort infected with subtype A) versus 50% of Polish patients (75% of all cohort with subtype B) were late presenters (p < 0.05), which is consistent with the results from previously performed studies [ 28 , 31 , 32 ]. Such high prevalence of AIDS-defining diseases in our cohort (38% of all recruited patients) can be also the result of the characteristic of the sites of the recruitment: most of the centers were clinical departments, mostly the diagnosis were made because of the severe state of the patients—they sought medical care (hospitalization) due to poor general state and not due to a risky behavior in the individual anamnesis.…”

A Comprehensive Review of Total Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes in Post-traumatic Hip Arthritis: Insights and Perspectives

“…For instance, weather conditions significantly influence disease development, where moisture levels can impact the survival of propagules, thereby affecting both the initiation and severity of epidemics [ 9 ]. In the context of HIV infection, a multitude of factors, including immunological, virological, environmental, and genetic variables, contribute to disease progression [ 10 ]. In the case of PTA, the trauma inflicted on the joint can result in damage to the articular cartilage, weakening its integrity and paving the way for the development of PTA.…”

Implementation of 2030 Free From HIV/AIDS Policy in Papua According to Van Metter and Van Horn Model: A Systematic Review

“…Two factors that influence the progression of HIV disease were HIV subtypes (p = 0.002) and Body Mass Index (p = 0.033). The HIV-1 subtype also correlated with CD4+ levels with a value of p = 0.04 (Widiyanti & Hadi, 2019). 12 Ending the epidemic of HIV/AIDS by 2030: Will there be an endgame to HIV, or an endemic HIV requiring an integrated health system response in many countries?…”