Viral antibodies and autoantibodies in chronic liver disease

Triger, D. R.; Kurtz, J. B.; Wright, Ralph

doi:10.1136/gut.15.2.94

Cited by 47 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…29 Our results did not support suggested associations with various infections or immunizations. 8 The associations between PBC and various drugs, particularly phenothiazines, suggested by case reports and case series were not confirmed by our results, [12][13][14] although the numbers were very small.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…[5][6][7] The uneven geographical distribution of PBC suggests that one or more extrinsic factors may play an important part in the cause of the disease, possibly in genetically susceptible individuals. Earlier studies reported associations with viral infections 8 ; urinary tract infection (UTI) with Escherichia coli species 9 ; menorrhagia, dilatation and uterine curettage (D&C), and hysterectomy 10 ; and miscarriage. 11 Treatment with various drugs including chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, and estrogens has also been linked anecdotally with PBC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An exploratory population-based case-control study of primary biliary cirrhosis

et al. 2000

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Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a disease of unknown etiology, with unexplained geographical variation. Various exposures have been suggested as triggers for disease development-possibly in susceptible individuals, but the evidence was not always well founded. We therefore conducted a population-based case-control study in Northeast England to investigate these and other exposures. All cases incident during 1993 to 1995 in a defined area of Northeast England were identified, and age-and sex-matched population controls were identified from primary care population registers. Cases and controls were sent postal selfcompletion questionnaires covering medical history and lifestyle. Information was received from 100 cases and 223 controls. The familial tendency of PBC was found to be less marked than has been claimed: Only weak associations were found with other autoimmune diseases. Among factors considered previously, no significant associations were found with surgical procedures, events in pregnancy, past infections, vaccinations, and medications. No significant associations were found for previously unconsidered lifestyle factors (drinking alcohol, previous pets, or stressful events), but there was an unexpected association with past smoking (ever smoked: 76% in cases vs. 57% in controls, odds ratio 2.4; smoked for 20 years or more: 64% vs. 35%, odds ratio 3.5). There were also unexpected significant associations with psoriasis (13% in cases vs. 3% in controls, odds ratio 4.6) and eczema (3% in cases vs. 11% in controls, odds ratio 0.13). These findings merit further investigation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory population-based case-control study of primary biliary cirrhosis

et al. 2000

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“…In favour of this view high levels of antibodies to intestinal bacteria, colon antigen, and dietary proteins have been demonstrated in chronic liver dis ease [22]. Second, chronic liver disease might be associated with an increased immunoreactivity leading to elevated levels of antibody to antigens of also non-intestinal origin [8], Thus, high levels of antibodies to rubella, measles, and CMV have been dem onstrated in CAH [2,21,23]. Possibly both the above explanations are correct and different mechanisms may be workning in different types of chronic liver disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral Immunoreactivity in Chronic Active Hepatitis: Relation to HLA Antigens

Lindberg¹,

Kaijser²,

Lindholm³

et al. 1979

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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43 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) exhibited significantly higher levels of antibodies against measles and polio type 2 und 3 when compared to 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. No significant differences were found for antibodies against polio type 1, rubella, herpes simplex, mumps virus, and tetanus. There was no correlation between antibody levels and the presence of HLA-B8 and/or HLA-B12. The antibody response to vaccination with polio vaccine (killed) and tetanus toxoid was not higher in CAH patients carrying HLA-B8 and/or HLA-B12 than in patients without these antigens. The results indicate that CAH is associated with an increased immunoreactivity, which is, however, not linked to HLA-B8 and/or HLA-B12.

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“…The sera were diluted 1: 10 and tested by indirect immunofluorescence against unfixed sections of human thyroid, rat stomach, mouse stomach, rat kidney, rat liver and rat salivary gland, as previously described (Triger et at., 1976). The sera were tested using either a monovalent or a polyvalent antihuman-Ig antiserum, conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate, as appropriate.…”

Section: Autoantibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%