Viral hepatitis B, C and infectious mononucleosis: epidemiological similarities and differences

Abstract

Introduction. The presence of etiologically unencrypted diagnoses in the structure of viral hepatitis determines the relevance of searching for other pathogens involved in liver pathology formation. The role of Epstein-Barr virus in the development of hepatitis was described in the scientific literature, but official statistics do not allow to assess its contribution to liver damage along with hepatitis B and C viruses.The purpose – to identify common and distinctive epidemiological features of viral hepatitis B (HB), C (HC) and infectious mononucleosis (IM).Material and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of these nosologies incidence was carried out according to official statistics in 2009-2018 in the Russian Federation.Results and discussion. The multidirectional trends in the long-term dynamics of the incidence of IM, acute and chronic HB and HC and the presence of strong direct correlation between the acute and chronic HB and HC incidence were established. Distinctive features include disparity in epidemic process intensity in different age groups (prevalence of morbidity in children aged 1–2 and 3–6 years with IM and persons older than 18 years – with viral hepatitis). It is common for IM and HB and HC to involve the majority of urban population in the epidemic process, as well as children under the age of 1 year. The described differences are due to the action of transmission mechanisms specific to each infection.Conclusion. The results obtained in this study may serve as a basis for further study of the interaction of EpsteinBarr virus with hepatitis B and C viruses.

Indicators of the functional state of the liver in infectious mononucleosis in adults

“…Ультразвуковое исследование печени в В-режиме (серая шкала) у больных ЭБВ-ИМ не позволяет в полной мере оценить структурные изменения паренхимы, а также возможность формирования хронического гепатита и фиброза печени [23]. По опубликованным данным, ЭБВ-гепатит с клинической симптоматикой чаще регистрировали у подростков и молодых людей, по гистологии он напоминает картину вирусных гепатитов [24].…”

“…На основании полученных данных можно высказать предположение, что в определенных условиях перенесенный ЭБВ-ИМ может являться триггерным фактором формирования гепатита неуточненной этиологии. В пользу этого предположения, с одной стороны, говорит наличие в структуре хронических гепатитов определенной доли с неустановленной этиологией, а с другой -формирование гепатита у этих пациентов на фоне хронического течения ЭБВ-инфекции [23].…”

Risk of Circulatory Diseases on the Example of Heart Rhythm Disorders in Patients With Serological Markers of Epstein – Barr Infection

“…At the same time, the overwhelming majority of previous research works that focused on EBV contribution to arrhythmia development was clinical in their essence and dealt with heart conduction disorders in children [35][36][37][38]. This population group was most likely chosen due to high rates of incidence with infectious mononucleosis among people younger than 18 [27,29]. It was shown that children with heart rhythm disorders in their case history also more frequently had viral infections in it (infectious mononucleosis, chicken pox, rubella, or B19 parvovirus infection) than children without this pathology [38][39][40][41].…”

“…Analysis of the epidemiological situation regarding EBV-infection indicates it is widely spread and occurs everywhere [22][23][24][25][26]; there has also been an ascending trend in incidence with infectious mononucleosis in the Russian Federation over the recent years [27][28][29].…”

Epstein-Barr virus: vaccine development

“…Вирус Эпштейна-Барр (ВЭБ) рассматривают в качестве этиологического агента таких заболеваний, как инфекционный мононуклеоз, лимфома Беркитта, назофарингеальная карцинома, рассеянный склероз и др. Каждая из этих нозологий имеет социальную и медицинскую значимость, поскольку наносит не только экономический ущерб, но и влечет за собой утрату работоспособности и даже жизни большого числа людей во всем мире [1][2][3].…”