Viral Infections in Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia: Prevalence and Clinical Implications

Abstract

Viral infection may be present in two thirds of children with newly diagnosed JMML, but it does not constitute a basis for revising clinical management. The possibility that EBV or other viruses contribute to JMML pathogenesis by stimulating pre-exiting malignant clones warrants further investigation.

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome is an Important Differential Diagnosis in Male Infants With Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemialike Features

“…It is reported that viral infections including CMV mimic JMML. [16][17][18][19] As concomitant viral infections are often noted in JMML patients, it is not straightforward to distinguish them from JMML. In the patient reported here, CMV antigenemia was detected only once without any additional clinical symptoms and there was no significant change in the clinical features before and after the detection of CMV antigenemia or administration of ganciclovir; therefore, we believe that CMV did not play a central role in the pathogenesis in this patient.…”

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

“…[79][80][81][82] A search for clinical evidence of either neurofibromatosis type 1 and/or Noonan syndrome should be conducted in the patient and in family members. Both of these genetic conditions can occur in either heritable or sporadic forms.…”

Diagnostic Dilemma of JMML Coexisting with CMV Infection

“…Toyoda H et al [8], presented a case of CMV infection coexistent with JMML, using high fidelity investigations to assess clonality as well as CMV antigen presence. A prospective study by Manabe A et al [9], evaluated 18 patients diagnosed as JMML (International JMML Working Group) for concurrent viral infection by measuring the cellular expression of the MxA protein. This is a reliable marker of viral infection .…”