Viral Membranes

Effect of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and Semliki Forest Virus on Uptake of Nutrients and Intracellular Cation Concentration

“…What is the biological significance of the change? Is it related, for example, to an increased requirement for preformed sugar in order to synthesize the glycoproteins of the viral envelope (Compans & Klenk, 1979) at maximal rate? Certainly infection by SFV (Kaluza, 1975) or VSV (Turco, 1980) of glucose-starved cells leads to the synthesis of aberrant viral glycoproteins.…”

Involvement of Glycolipids in Myxovirus-induced Membrane Fusion (Haemolysis)

“…The attachment occurs through a specific binding of neuraminic acid-containing receptors of cellular membrane with the haemagglutinin of influenza virus or the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase complex of paramyxovirus (Rott & Klenk, 1977;Compans & Klenk, 1979). The membrane fusion has been proposed to occur at the cellular surface (Dourmashkin & Tyrrell, 1974;Huang et al, 1980b or solely in the lysosomal milieu after endocytosis (White et al, 1981).…”

“…It is possible that these lipids are the natural reaction partners of the FI polypeptide of paramyxoviruses and the HA2 polypeptide of influenza virus, which contain similar hydrophobic N-terminal structures (Gething et al, 1978). The exposure of these hydrophobic peptides by proteolytic cleavage during the replication of myxoviruses is known to be essential for the fusion property of these viruses (Compans & Klenk, 1979;Huang et al, 1980b). Of late, evidence is mounting that several other enveloped viruses infect their host cells by membrane fusion (V/i~in/inen & Kii/iri~iinen, 1979; Helenius et al, 1980;Miller & Lenard, 1981) and it would be interesting for future investigation to see if a similar mechanism of membrane fusion operates in all these viruses.…”

Modulation of glycosylation and transport of viral membrane glycoproteins by a sodium ionophore.

“…In contrast to the differential effects of monensin on VSV and influenza virus replication previously observed in monolayer cultures of MDCK cells, yields of both viruses were found to be significantly reduced by high concentrations of monensin in suspension cultures, indicating that cellular architecture may play a role in determining the sensitivity of virus replication to the drug. Nigericin, an ionophore that facilitates transport of potassium ions across membranes, blocked the replication of both influenza virus and VSV in MDCK cell monolayers, indicating that the ion specificity of ionophores influences their effect on the replication of enveloped viruses.Cells infected with enveloped RNA viruses provide valuable systems for elucidating the pathways involved in subcellular transport of membrane glycoproteins (8,20,44). As a result of viral inhibition of host protein synthesis, only one or a few viral membrane glycoproteins are synthesized in infected cells.…”

“…Cells infected with enveloped RNA viruses provide valuable systems for elucidating the pathways involved in subcellular transport of membrane glycoproteins (8,20,44). As a result of viral inhibition of host protein synthesis, only one or a few viral membrane glycoproteins are synthesized in infected cells.…”