Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds Modulate the HDL Lipidome in Hypercholesterolaemic Subjects: A Lipidomic Analysis of the VOHF Study

Abstract

Scope The lipidomic analysis of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) could be useful to identify new biomarkers of HDL function. Methods and results A randomized, controlled, double‐blind, crossover trial (33 hypercholesterolaemic subjects) is performed with a control virgin olive oil (VOO), VOO enriched with its own phenolic compounds (FVOO), or VOO enriched with additional phenolic compounds from thyme (FVOOT) for 3 weeks. HDL lipidomic analyses are performed using the Lipidyzer platform. VOO and FVOO intake increase monounsaturated‐fatty acids (FAs) and decrease saturated and polyunsaturated FAs in triacylglyceride (TAG) species, among others species. In contrast, FVOOT intake does not induce these FAs changes. The decrease in TAG52:3(FA16:0) after VOO intake and the decrease in TAG52:5(FA18:2) after FVOO intake are inversely associated with changes in HDL resistance to oxidation. After FVOO intake, the decrease in TAG54:6(FA18:2) in HDL is inversely associated with changes in HDL cholesterol efflux capacity. Conclusion VOO and FVOO consumption has an impact on the HDL lipidome, in particular TAG species. Although TAGs are minor components of HDL mass, the observed changes in TAG modulated HDL functionality towards a cardioprotective mode. The assessment of the HDL lipidome is a valuable approach to identify and characterize new biomarkers of HDL function.

Physicochemical Properties of Lipoproteins Assessed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Predictor of Premature Cardiovascular Disease. PRESARV-SEA Study

“…On the other hand, the value of HDL particle diameter as a predictive factor of CVD is controversial. Some studies demonstrate that HDL-P and SHDL-P are inversely related to CVD [30,31] and to all-cause as well as cardiovascular mortality in CAD patients [32]. In our study patients in the PCVD group had a higher number of large HDL particles and a smaller number of small HDL particles than the control group.…”

An Isolated Dose of Extra‐Virgin Olive Oil Produces a Better Postprandial Gut Hormone Response, Lipidic, and Anti‐Inflammatory Profile that Sunflower Oil: Effect of Morbid Obesity

“…It was not easy to ingest in a small interval of time (5 min). On the other hand, the chronic administration of these oils would be preferable to perform this type of experiments, as in other studies, [ 45 ] since their use in the general population is daily. Although the response of FFA and triglycerides seems to normalize after 3 h in normal‐weight subjects, patients with morbid obesity would need a longer duration of the test to have a greater accuracy in the results obtained.…”

Metabolomic-Based Studies of the Intake of Virgin Olive Oil: A Comprehensive Review

“…Two metabolomics analyses from the VOHF study have been published employing NMR-targeted approaches (Table 1). One of them described the impact of VOO consumption on the TAG-HDL profile [34]. An increase in TAG containing MUFAs and a decrease in those containing PUFAs or SFAs were reported after the supplementation with the control low-polyphenol olive oil and the phenolic-enriched VOO, but not in the thyme polyphenol-enriched oil, indicating that the effect on HDL-TAG depends on the type of phenolic compounds, i.e., secoiridoids vs. flavonoids, and not on the VOO matrix.…”