Virosome: An engineered virus for vaccine delivery

Hasan, Asif; Akbar, Mohammed; Iqbal, Babar; Ali, Farahat; Sharma, Neeraj; Kumar, Nitin; Najmi, Asim; Albratty, Mohammed; Alhazmi, Hassan A.; Madkhali, Osama A.; Zoghebi, Khalid; Alam, Md Shamsher

doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2023.03.016

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…When DTA is used alone, it cannot enter cells and does not become poisonous. But with the help of virosomes, DTA is freed into the cytosol, where it stimulates elongation factor 2, a factor linked to protein synthesis in the cell, making it hazardous to the cells. − Virosomes effectively transport antigens to immune cells by encasing them, which may improve the mucosal immune system’s detection and reaction. , An overview of the various mucoadhesive vaccine delivery techniques for the oral mucosa is given in Table .…”

Section: Different Formulations For Enhancing Mucosal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Mucosal Physiology and Rationale of Formulation Design for Improved Mucosal Immunity

Biswas,

Nurunnabi,

Khatun

2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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The oral and nasal cavities serve as critical gateways for infectious pathogens, with microorganisms primarily gaining entry through these routes. Our first line of defense against these invaders is the mucosal membrane, a protective barrier that shields the body's internal systems from infection while also contributing to vital functions like air and nutrient intake. One of the key features of this mucosal barrier is its ability to protect the physiological system from pathogens. Additionally, mucosal tolerance plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the pH and water balance within the body. Recognizing the importance of the mucosal barrier, researchers have developed various mucosal formulations to enhance the immune response. Mucosal vaccines, for example, deliver antigens directly to mucosal tissues, triggering local immune stimulation and ultimately inducing systemic immunity. Studies have shown that lipid-based formulations such as liposomes and virosomes can effectively elicit both local and systemic immune responses. Furthermore, mucoadhesive polymeric particles, with their prolonged delivery to target sites, have demonstrated an enhanced immune response. This Review delves into the critical role of material selection and delivery approaches in optimizing mucosal immunity.

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Section: Different Formulations For Enhancing Mucosal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Mucosal Physiology and Rationale of Formulation Design for Improved Mucosal Immunity

Biswas,

Nurunnabi,

Khatun

2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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“…This fusion enables effective antigen processing and presentation by enabling direct antigen delivery into the cytoplasm of target cells without endocytosis. 148 VLPs are self-assembled entities without viral genetic material similar to viruses' size, shape, and external features. The viral structural proteins that comprise VLPs, such as capsid proteins, spontaneously assemble to form well-organized structures.…”

Section: Acs Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the presence of fusion proteins, virosomes can merge with target cells. This fusion enables effective antigen processing and presentation by enabling direct antigen delivery into the cytoplasm of target cells without endocytosis …”

Section: Delivery Of Vaccine Via Nonlipid Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Nanovaccines for Effective Immunization─A Special Concern on COVID-19: Facts, Fidelity, and Future Prospective

Gholap,

Gupta,

Kamandar

et al. 2023

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative pathway in vaccine research and delivery. Nanovaccines, encompassing lipid and nonlipid formulations, exhibit considerable advantages over traditional vaccine techniques, including enhanced antigen stability, heightened immunogenicity, targeted distribution, and the potential for codelivery with adjuvants or immune modulators. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements and applications of lipid and non-lipid-based nanovaccines in current vaccination strategies for immunization. The review commences by outlining the fundamental concepts underlying lipid and nonlipid nanovaccine design before delving into the diverse components and production processes employed in their development. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of various nanocarriers is presented, elucidating their distinct physicochemical characteristics and impact on the immune response, along with preclinical and clinical studies. The discussion also highlights how nanotechnology enables the possibility of personalized and combined vaccination techniques, facilitating the creation of tailored nanovaccines to meet the individual patient needs. The ethical aspects concerning the use of nanovaccines, as well as potential safety concerns and public perception, are also addressed. The study underscores the gaps and challenges that must be overcome before adopting nanovaccines in clinical practice. This comprehensive analysis offers vital new insights into lipid and nonlipid nanovaccine status. It emphasizes the significance of continuous research, collaboration among interdisciplinary experts, and regulatory measures to fully unlock the potential of nanotechnology in enhancing immunization and ensuring a healthier, more resilient society.

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Cancer Nanovaccines: Nanomaterials and Clinical Perspectives

Desai,

Chavda,

Singh

et al. 2024

Small

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Cancer nanovaccines represent a promising frontier in cancer immunotherapy, utilizing nanotechnology to augment traditional vaccine efficacy. This review comprehensively examines the current state‐of‐the‐art in cancer nanovaccine development, elucidating innovative strategies and technologies employed in their design. It explores both preclinical and clinical advancements, emphasizing key studies demonstrating their potential to elicit robust anti‐tumor immune responses. The study encompasses various facets, including integrating biomaterial‐based nanocarriers for antigen delivery, adjuvant selection, and the impact of nanoscale properties on vaccine performance. Detailed insights into the complex interplay between the tumor microenvironment and nanovaccine responses are provided, highlighting challenges and opportunities in optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, the study presents a thorough analysis of ongoing clinical trials, presenting a snapshot of the current clinical landscape. By curating the latest scientific findings and clinical developments, this study aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians engaged in advancing cancer immunotherapy. Integrating nanotechnology into vaccine design holds immense promise for revolutionizing cancer treatment paradigms, and this review provides a timely update on the evolving landscape of cancer nanovaccines.

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Virosome: An engineered virus for vaccine delivery

Cited by 9 publications

References 95 publications

Understanding Mucosal Physiology and Rationale of Formulation Design for Improved Mucosal Immunity

Understanding Mucosal Physiology and Rationale of Formulation Design for Improved Mucosal Immunity

Harnessing Nanovaccines for Effective Immunization─A Special Concern on COVID-19: Facts, Fidelity, and Future Prospective

Cancer Nanovaccines: Nanomaterials and Clinical Perspectives

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