Virtual Instrument for Emissions Measurement of Internal Combustion Engines

Pérez, Armando; Ramos, Rogelio; Coronado, Marcos A.; García, Conrado; Pérez, Rubén Pino

doi:10.1155/2016/9459516

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Biodiesel is one of the most produced biofuels. It is a green and renewable fuel obtained from lipids, vegetable oils and animal fats [2,3]. It is produced by the reaction of triglycerides with a short chain alcohol in the presence of an acid, alkali or enzymatic catalyst to obtain the mixture of fatty acid methyl esters known as biodiesel [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Assessment of Biodiesel Blends Proposed by the New Mexican Policy Framework

et al. 2017

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Nowadays, biodiesel is being promoted worldwide as a sustainable and alternative to diesel fuel. However, there is still a lack of a biodiesel market in Mexico. Hence, a new initiative to reform the Mexican biofuels framework by decree includes the production and use of biodiesel. This regulation can ensure and contribute to the development of the biodiesel market in Mexico. The initiative proposes to start from the B5.8 blend by the end of 2017 and reach the B10 by 2020. Therefore, the objective of the present work was the quality assessment of biodiesel blends proposed by the new Mexican policy framework. The techniques applied were Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, viscosity, higher heating value, thermogravimetric analysis, refractive index, acid number, specific gravity, flash point, and copper strip corrosion based on ASTM standards. The results indicate that the biodiesel and its blends B5.8 and B10 fulfilled relevant quality specifications established in the ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards for fuels. However, the fuel blends presented a higher heating value (HHV) diminution. The experimental HHV percentages decrease for the mandatory mixtures compared to diesel were 2.29% (B10), and 0.29% (B5.8).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Assessment of Biodiesel Blends Proposed by the New Mexican Policy Framework

et al. 2017

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“…In automatic mode it proved to be more convenient to evaluate the frame brightness by determining the pixel brightness on an RGB scale followed by the calculation as per equation (1). The pixel color may be determined using built-in tools of the standard image-processing software.…”

Section: The Suggested Methods For the Evaluation Of The Visible Exhaumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of researchers are engaged in issues related to improvement of work processes and control of diesel exhaust [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concept and Models for Evaluation of Black and White Smoke Components in Diesel Engine Exhaust

Blyankinshtein¹,

Askhabov²,

Voevodin³

et al. 2017

Transport Problems

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A method for measuring exhaust smoke opacity has been developed, which allows estimating the differentiated components forming black exhaust and those forming white smoke. The method is based on video recording and special software for processing the video recording data. The flow of the diesel exhaust gas is visualised using the digital camera, against the background of the screen, on a cut of an exhaust pipe, and with sufficient illumination of the area. The screen represents standards of whiteness and blackness. The content of the black components (soot) is determined by the degree of blackening of the white standard in the frames of the video, and the content of whitish components (unburned fuel and oil, etc.) is determined by the degree of whitening of black standard on the frames of the video. The paper describes the principle and the results of testing the proposed method of measuring exhaust smoke opacity. We present an algorithm for the frame-by-frame analysis of the video sequence, and static and dynamic mathematical models of exhaust opacity, measured under free-acceleration of a diesel engine.

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“…A VI comprises a computer with robust software, cost-effective hardware, and driver software, collectively fulfilling the roles of traditional instruments, effectively turning the computer into the instrument itself. The application of VIs has increased due to their speed of construction, flexibility, and low cost per acquisition channel [20]. Actually, the tools developed with the support of the Internet of Things (IoT) are frequently used and considered useful in the field of research [21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Virtual Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The software comprises 16 programming blocks. The LabVIEW programming framework uses a graphical model through the connection of icons employing wires instead of programming based on typing complicated text lines, increasing the risk of making syntactic and logistic mistakes [20]. This software operates in a continuous loop and performs tasks in cycles until the user stops it.…”

Section: Software Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Generation of Operational Characteristic Curves for Municipal Water Pumping Systems: An Approach to Energy Efficiency and Carbon Footprint

Bonilla Garcia,

Ramos,

García

et al. 2023

Energies

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Water supply represents a significant electrical load worldwide. The operation of inefficient pumps contributes to increased energy demand and carbon footprint. Current methods for evaluating industrial water pumps present technical and economic challenges that need to be addressed. For these reasons, we developed a practical and cost-effective virtual instrument called the Pumping Evaluation System (PES). The PES tool performs real-time monitoring of electrical, hydraulic, and efficiency data, as well as the Operating Characteristic (OC) curves. The PES tool was implemented on a vertical pump currently used by a municipal water distribution plant in Mexicali, Mexico. A comparative analysis between the experimental data and the manufacturer’s data revealed potential energy savings of 361,455 kWh/year (24.35%) and an equivalent carbon footprint reduction of 157,233 kg of CO2eq/year if the old pump is replaced by a new one, which is the lowest cost alternative according to a Life Cycle Cost (LCC).

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Virtual Instrument for Emissions Measurement of Internal Combustion Engines

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Quality Assessment of Biodiesel Blends Proposed by the New Mexican Policy Framework

Quality Assessment of Biodiesel Blends Proposed by the New Mexican Policy Framework

Concept and Models for Evaluation of Black and White Smoke Components in Diesel Engine Exhaust

Real-Time Generation of Operational Characteristic Curves for Municipal Water Pumping Systems: An Approach to Energy Efficiency and Carbon Footprint

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