Virtual Optical Buffers: A Novel Interpretation of OCDMA in Packet Switch Networks

Modem based on sphere packing techniques in high‐dimensional Euclidian sub‐space for efficient data over voice communication through mobile voice channels

“…In this method, any kind of orthogonal codes such as binary, bipolar, ternary and multi-level are applicable. Therefore our symbols can be generated using known orthogonal coding techniques such as Hadamard, Gold, M-sequence, Prime and OOC [29]. As a result of (16), P e depends on the distance between the code-words.…”

“…As the next step, the design of optimal symbols for data transmission is discussed and two main approaches are suggested. The first approach is applying orthogonal codes such as Hadamard, Gold and Optical Orthogonal Codes (OOC) [29]. In the second approach, as a more general case, symbols are designed based on sphere packing techniques [30].…”

Label Stacking Scenarios in Hybrid Wavelength and Code-Switched GMPLS Networks

“…Label stacking is a smart-switching criterion in GMPLS for fast and reliable transmission [15,16]. Label stacking and optical label swapping [17,18] are the two main methods used to switch packets through multiple network routers. For label swapping, each router recognizes the labeled packet and swaps the old appending label.…”

“…In typical GMPLS networks, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and optical code-division multiplexing (OCDM) schemes are employed to construct optical labels [17,18]. The label of a packet can be expressed as (W, C), where W and C denote the WDM channel and the code used for transmitting the packet data, respectively.…”

“…In Reference [17], multi-service transmission was realized by modifying the number of OCDM labels among WDM channels. In another study [18], the effects of different labeling schemes on a hybrid wavelength/code buffering structure were evaluated. To obtain the best performance, the router intelligently converts the wavelength of the label into a new one with the least occupied OCDM labels.…”