Virtual Power Plant (VPP), Definition, Concept, Components and Types

Saboori, Hedayat; Mohammadi, Nabiallah; Taghe, R.

doi:10.1109/appeec.2011.5749026

Cited by 203 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The aggregated DERs maintain reliability of renewable energy resources [18] and address grid congestion [19]. VPPs can be managed by third-party aggregators, BRPs, or suppliers [20,21]. VPPs provide a variety of services to power plant operators, industries, public services, energy suppliers, and grid operators.…”

Section: Virtual Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Billanes

Jôrgensen

2017

Energies

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Buildings as prosumers have an important role in the energy aggregation market due to their potential flexible energy consumption and distributed energy resources. However, energy flexibility provided by buildings can be very complex and depend on many factors. The immaturity of the current aggregation market with unclear incentives is still a challenge for buildings to participate in the aggregation market. However, few studies have investigated business models for building participation in the aggregation market. Therefore, this paper develops four business models for buildings to participate in the energy aggregation market: (1) buildings participate in the implicit Demand Response (DR) program via retailers; (2) buildings with small energy consumption participate in the explicit DR via aggregators; (3) buildings directly access the explicit DR program; (4) buildings access energy market via Virtual Power Plant (VPP) aggregators by providing Distributed Energy Resources (DER)s. This paper also determines that it is essential to understand building owners' needs, comforts, and behaviours to develop feasible market access strategies for different types of buildings. Meanwhile, the incentive programs, national regulations and energy market structures strongly influence buildings' participation in the aggregation market. Under the current Nordic market regulation, business model one is the most feasible one, and business model two faces more challenges due to regulation barriers and limited monetary incentives.

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Section: Virtual Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Billanes

Jôrgensen

2017

Energies

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“…A virtual power plant is an aggregation of one or more assets of distributed generators, controllable loads and storage systems for the purpose of making contracts in the wholesale market and offering services to system operators like a conventional power plant [19], [20]. The principal of VPP is to use the variability of energy supply to hedge the variability of energy demand as well as to balance the variability of indispatchable energy sources by dispatchable energy sources.…”

Section: ) Virtual Power Plant (Vpp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of Energy Internet and Its Technologies in Application Reviewed

Zhou¹,

Ni²,

Zhu³

2017

JOCET

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“…The TVPP is composed of DERs which are located at the same geographical site. The most important tasks of the TVPP are uninterrupted monitoring, managing of financial issues, fault detection and localization, and so on [6]. The rest of the paper is organized as follows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EMS manages the energy transactions in the VPP through a bidirectional communication. It controls all the units including the nondispatchable and dispatchable power plants, storage units along with responsive loads [6,41]. The EMS has a capability of controlling the system for many different objectives such as minimizing costs, minimizing the output pollution, or maximizing the profits.…”

Section: Operation Systems Of Vppmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the virtual power plant: Components and operation systems

Ghavidel

Aghaei

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON)

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Abstract--Due to the high penetration of Distributed Generations (DGs) in the network and the presently involving competition in all electrical energy markets, Virtual Power Plant (VPP) as a new concept has come into view, with the intention of dealing with the increasing number of DGs in the system and handling effectively the competition in the electricity markets. This paper reviews the VPP in terms of components and operation systems. VPP fundamentally is composed of a number of DGs including conventional dispatchable power plants and intermittent generating units along with possible flexible loads and storage units. In this paper, these components are described in an all-inclusive manner, and some of the most important ones are pointed out. In addition, the most important anticipated outcomes of the two types of VPP, Commercial VPP (CVPP) and Technical VPP (TVPP), are presented in detail. Furthermore, the important literature associated with Combined Heat and Power (CHP) based VPP, VPP components and modeling, VPP with Demand Response (DR), VPP bidding strategy, and participation of VPP in electricity markets are briefly classified and discussed in this paper.

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Virtual Power Plant (VPP), Definition, Concept, Components and Types

Cited by 203 publications

References 6 publications

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Architecture of Energy Internet and Its Technologies in Application Reviewed

A review on the virtual power plant: Components and operation systems

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