Virulence factors associated with Coagulase Negative Staphylococci isolated from human infections

Abstract

Infections caused by commensal organisms by changing to infectious life style generate much challenge to the current treatment strategies. Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are one of them, with their coexisting biofilm forming and multiple antibiotic resistance properties form important agents of nosocomial infection. To evaluate species distribution, biofilm formation, and antibiogram, CoNS isolates from various clinical samples were isolated. The presence of biofilm and associated genes icaAB, aap, atlE, embp, bhp, and fbe in CoNS was screened by PCR. The biofilm chemical composition and its correlation with the genotypes were also analysed. Staphylococcus epidermidis (59%) was found to be the most prevalent CoNS species. Most of the CoNS isolates harboring biofilm gene showed carbohydrate-protein-eDNA biofilm, whereas carbohydrate-protein biofilms were also observed. High percentage of multiple drug resistance, and biofilm gene frequency among these CoNS isolates point towards the need of periodic surveillance as CoNS are recently identified to cause difficult to treat infections.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in the nasal cavity of dental surgeons professors

“…MRSE was the microorganism that showed to accumulate the highest number of drug resistance mechanisms, being intermediate to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, and resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Similar results were reported for MRSE isolated from HCW in a cancer hospital centre (Costa et al, 2014), pointing to the need for follow-up cultures of these microorganisms given the multidrug-resistance and the difficulty for the infection treatment (Soumya et al, 2017). Inducible MLS B complex resistance was observed in MRSE and MRSA 1 isolates and resistance to mupirocin in MRSA 1.…”

“…), composed of bacteria that are often multidrug-resistant (Rice, 2008). Coagulasenegative Staphylococcus, especially, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), previously reported as contaminant, also represent important pathogens in the context of the HAI (Soumya et al, 2017;Becker et al, 2014). Thus, the aim of this paper was to investigate the nasal colonization of DS professors with methicillinresistant Staphylococcus spp.…”

Identification of hemolysin encoding genes and their association with antimicrobial resistance pattern among clinical isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococci

“…Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are considered as opportunistic pathogens that cause a variety of infections, particularly among immunocompromised, long-term hospitalized patients, preterm infants and in patients with indwelling or different implant polymer bodies [1][2][3]. Among various CoNS species, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus have been confirmed to be responsible agents for the vast majority of nosocomial infections [4].…”

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Fecal Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates Suggests Plasticity to Adapt to Different Human Body Sites

“…) and biofilm formation. Indeed, biofilm formation is considered one of the most important traits in S. epidermidis colonization, with a number of genes involved in the molecular mechanisms of the different stages of biofilm formation, such as adhesins involved in initial attachment, polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) matrix components involved in accumulation, teichoic acids in maturation and proteases and modulins in detachment (Arciola et al, 2012;Soumya et al, 2017). Taken together, there is evidence of traits that could reflect the ability of different strains of S. epidermidis to colonize different parts of the human body and suggest that pan-genome studies, such as that which proposed formate dehydrogenase as a potential clinical biomarker of pathogenesis in S. epidermidis (Conlan et al, 2012), have the potential to be of great value.…”