Virulence Test of Some Phytophthora Megakarya Isolates on Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) Hybrid Pods

In the present study we evaluated the efficacy of a bioformulation of Streptomyces cameroonensis for control of black pod disease in cocoa and enhancement of seedling growth. The formulation developed using talc powder and cassava starch as carriers showed high shelf-life of 1.07 × 10 6 CFU/g after six months storage at 4°C. The formulation was tested for inhibition of spore germination in Phytophthora megakarya and showed 100% inhibition at 10% (w/v) of formulation. To determine the efficacy of the formulation, we performed an in planta assay in the greenhouse on two hybrids of cocoa seedlings, the tolerant SNK413 × (♂) T79/467 and the susceptible UPA 134× (♂) SCA 12. Detached leaf assay showed a significant reduction in the disease severity index of about 67% for the tolerant hybrid and 55% for the susceptible hybrid compared to non-treated plants. A significant enhancement in stem length, leaf surface area and root weight was observed. Analysis of biochemical markers of defense showed a significant increase in total polyphenol, flavonoid, and total protein contents. There was also significant upregulation of PR-proteins such as chitinases, peroxidases and β-1, 3-glucanases following treatment of both tolerant and susceptible hybrids, though with a higher level of synthesis in the tolerant hybrids. A significant increase was also observed in polyphenol oxidase activities in plants treated with the formulation. This work demonstrated the stability and effectiveness of the S. cameroonensis powder formulation in suppressing black pod disease in cocoa and subsequently enhancing the growth of seedlings.

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Effects of a Powder Formulation ofStreptomyces cameroonensison Growth and Resistance of Two Cocoa Hybrids from Cameroon againstPhytophthora megakarya(Causal Agent of Black Pod Disease)

Dzelamonyuy

Martial

Ruth

et al. 2022

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Molecular and physiological characterization of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding lines for fungal diseases tolerance

Ngonkeu¹,

Damdjo²,

Mongoue³

et al. 2022

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Fungal diseases are one of the major causes of losses on wheat yield in the world. Recent studies on plant defense mechanisms have highlighted the role of amino acids and total polyphenols in disease tolerance. Thus, with the objective of identifying on the basis of morphological and physiological variables the high-performance wheat accessions in high and low altitude, we characterized sixteen wheat accessions via quantification of polyphenols (TPP) and amino acids (AA) and identified fungal diseases affecting wheat in Centre Cameroon. Using the set of the three hexaploid wheat cultivars where the 11 microsatellite markers data was available, a total of 29 alleles were detected among cultivars and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 3 with an average of 2.64. Gene diversity ranged from 0.44 to 0.67 with an average of 0.59, increasing with the number of alleles. Microsatellites markers used had an average Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value of 0.50, indicating that these markers are useful and will make a contribution to the studies in hexaploid wheat. The assessment of wheat plant to disease tolerance permitted to identify Septoria, Fusarium wilt; tanned spot and powdery mildew in high and low altitude. Analyzes of TPP and AA have made it possible to discriminate accessions that are tolerant to diseases. Hence, accession Atilla 1 was highly tolerant and had high levels of TPP (3.5 ± 0.36 μg/mg) and AA (40.1 ± 1.21 μg/mg) while the accession Sup 152 highly susceptible to disease had low levels (2.3 ± 0.1 and 2.1 ± 0.36 μg/mg, respectively). This study will contribute to the extension of wheat in areas where conditions similar to the study sites will be localized.

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Virulence Test of Some Phytophthora Megakarya Isolates on Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) Hybrid Pods

Abstract: Phytophthora megakarya is an Oomycete which has a negative impact on Cameroon cocoaproduction.

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of a Powder Formulation ofStreptomyces cameroonensison Growth and Resistance of Two Cocoa Hybrids from Cameroon againstPhytophthora megakarya(Causal Agent of Black Pod Disease)

Effects of a Powder Formulation ofStreptomyces cameroonensison Growth and Resistance of Two Cocoa Hybrids from Cameroon againstPhytophthora megakarya(Causal Agent of Black Pod Disease)

Molecular and physiological characterization of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding lines for fungal diseases tolerance

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