Virus-Based Supramolecular Structure and Materials: Concept and Prospects

Abstract

Rodlike and spherelike viruses are various monodisperse nanoparticles that can display small molecules or polymers with unique distribution following chemical modifications. Because of the monodisperse property, aggregates in synthetic protein−polymer nanoparticles could be eliminated, thus improving the probability for application in protein−polymer drug. In addition, the monodisperse virus could direct the growth of metal materials or inorganic materials, finding applications in hydrogel, drug delivery, and optoelectronic and catalysis materials. Benefiting from the advantages, the virus or viruslike particles have been widely explored in the field of supramolecular chemistry. In this review, we describe the modification and application of virus and viruslike particles in surpramolecular structures and biomedical research.

Chemical labeling and crosslinking of tobacco mosaic virus via multi-diazonium reagents: examples, applications, and prospects

“…Though TMV nanoparticles have been widely used as templates for controllable syntheses of nanomaterials, [60][61][62][63][64][65] the diameters of native viruses are restricted to 18 nm. To address this issue, the highly efficient method based on 22 was applied to adjust the size of native viruses (Fig.…”

“…[50][51][52][53] As a result, TMV and mutants are widely functionalized by small molecules, polymers, peptides, MRI contrast agents, antigens, and therapeutics for various applications. [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] We note that there are a series of excellent reviews for TMV-based nanomaterials during the last decade. [60][61][62][63][64] However, the current development of stable diazonium reagents for TMV labeling is not summarized.…”

“…[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] We note that there are a series of excellent reviews for TMV-based nanomaterials during the last decade. [60][61][62][63][64] However, the current development of stable diazonium reagents for TMV labeling is not summarized. In addition, the 1D lengths and the diameters of the TMV nanoparticle can be tuned and controlled via self-assembly and chemical labeling to generate virus-like particles (VLPs), [65][66][67] which can break the limitation of fixed sizes of natural virus templates.…”

Virus Like Particles: A Self-Assembled Toolbox for Cancer Therapy

“…The main strategy for the presentation of these targeting moieties is through bioconjugation with exposed amino acid residues on VLPs, addressed by various chemistries such as click chemistry, NHS ester acylation, and coupling reactions [103]. One interesting example of using VLPs for cancer immunotherapies is conjugation of PD-1 peptide SNTSESF, known as AUR7, to the 30 nm icosahedral, plant-based CPMV [104].…”

Engineering the HK97 virus-like particle as a nanoplatform for biotechnology applications

“…VLPs are unique due to their ease of production, existing knowledge of assembly and molecular structure, and biocompatible makeup, which has garnered much interest for their utilization in constructing nanomaterials. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] While several VLP systems have been developed, no single system provides the necessary diversity in chemical, physical, and functional properties to address all applications, and the development of new systems will help generate a diverse library of VLPs to be exploited for various applications. Here, we report the development of the VLP system based on the Hong Kong 97 (HK97) bacteriophage, which has several unique properties not found in other systems.…”