Virus Isolation Study of the Human Ganglion Geniculi (Nerve VII)

Mulkens, P. S. J. Z.; Schröder, F. P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-85090-5_190

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Since, according to McCormick ' s theory, similar reactivation of HSV from the geniculate ganglion might cause Bell's palsy, several attempts were made to recover HSV from latently infected geniculate ganglia. However, so far no report has demonstrated the in vitro reactivation of HSV from the hypothetical latently infected human geniculate ganglia, although geniculate ganglia from altogether 39 unselected cadavers were tested in two different studies (14,30) (Table 1 (a)). In one of these studies, 5-azacytidine was added to the culture medium, which was reported to induce HSV reactivation from latently infected guinea pig cells (41).…”

Section: Culture Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one of these studies, 5-azacytidine was added to the culture medium, which was reported to induce HSV reactivation from latently infected guinea pig cells (41). Despite the use of this agent, no HSV, or any other virus, could be recovered from the 19 geniculate ganglia tested in conventional tube cell cultures and in shell vial cultures (30). Different explanations for these unexpected negative results have been suggested.…”

Section: Culture Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, one can imagine that seemingly minor differences in culture media or serum supplements may considerably influence the reactivation efficiency. The cultures performed in the presence of 5-azacytidine, which was expected to stimulate reactivation, were kept for only 2 weeks (30). That period may have been too short for an efficient HSV reactivation from human ganglia (5).…”

Section: Culture Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bell's palsy and herpes simplex virus

Schirm¹,

Mulkens

1997

APMIS

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Bell's palsy, which is defined as idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis of sudden onset, accounts for >50% of all cases of facial paralysis. Different theories on the etiology of Bell's palsy have been proposed and investigated. Various clinical studies have suggested an etiological link between Bell's palsy and herpes simplex virus (HSV). In addition, animal experiments have shown the ability of HSV to induce facial paralysis. In our opinion, the possible link between Bell's palsy and HSV can only be explored properly by studying the human facial nerve, and especially the geniculate ganglion itself. Different groups have tried to detect hypothetically reactivated and hypothetically latent HSV in the facial nerves of Bell's palsy patients and control patients, respectively. The isolation of infectious HSV from facial nerve tissue by conventional cell culture methods appeared to be very difficult, also when Bell's palsy patients were tested. Instead, modern molecular methods, such as in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could easily detect HSV DNA in geniculate ganglia. The detection of HSV‐specific latency‐associated transcripts in the ganglia of control patients provided further evidence for the hypothetically latent state of HSV in the geniculate ganglia in these patients. Recent PCR experiments performed by a Japanese group strongly suggest that the area adjacent to the geniculate ganglia does not usually contain any HSV at all, except in patients with Bell's palsy. This well‐controlled study provides conclusive evidence that reactivation of HSV genomes from the geniculate ganglia is the most important cause of Bell's palsy. Consequently, it has been suggested that “Bell's palsy” be renamed as “herpetic facial paralysis”.

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Section: Culture Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Culture Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%