Viruses in Multiple Sclerosis ?

Field, E. J.; Cowshall, S; Narang, H. K.; Bell, Thomas M.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(72)91714-x

Cited by 58 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Many viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, including measles,24parainfluenza,25 canine distemper,26SV5,27 retroviruses such as HTLV-1,28Epstein-Barr,29 coronaviruses,30adenoviruses,10 herpes simplex, and reoviruses 31. The fact that no single virus has been consistently linked to multiple sclerosis implies that there may not be a specific multiple sclerosis agent and that several viruses may be capable of triggering abnormal immune activity, or that the cooperation of two viruses may be required to produce the pathogenic demyelination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical relapses and disease activity on magnetic resonance imaging associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections in multiple sclerosis

Edwards

Zvartau

Clarke

et al. 1998

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

166

107

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Background-Although the risk of clinical attacks of multiple sclerosis seems to be significantly increased with viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), serological evidence for the reported association remains controversial. In addition, although MRI is six to 10 times more sensitive than clinical exacerbations in indexing disease activity, any possible association between URTI and MRI activity has yet to be investigated. Objectives-To examine the relation between URTI and disease activity, in multiple sclerosis patients participating in a placebo controlled trial of interferon -1a, as indexed both by clinical exacerbation rate and by the number and volume of gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) enhancing lesions on MRI. "At risk" periods were defined around symptomatic URTI, with or without serological confirmation. Results-The relative risk of clinical relapse for serologically unconfirmed symptomatic URTI was 2.1 (p=0.004). Raised antiviral antibody titres conferred a relative risk of multiple sclerosis exacerbations that was 3.4 times higher than the "not at risk" periods (annual attack rates of 5.7 v 1.6, respectively, p=0.006). There was no definite relation between the number or the volume of active lesions on MRI and either symptomatic or serologically defined at risk periods. Conclusions-These results confirm the previously reported association between viral infections and multiple sclerosis exacerbations and indicate that the relative risk may be even higher when viral infection is serologically confirmed. However, the results, perhaps because of the confounding eVects of interferon -1a, do not provide convincing evidence of increased blood-brain barrier breakdown or inflammation during periods of virally induced immune stimulation. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:736-741)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical relapses and disease activity on magnetic resonance imaging associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections in multiple sclerosis

Edwards

Zvartau

Clarke

et al. 1998

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

166

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Cytoplasmic tubular structures resembling measles nucleocapsids have been found in the astrocytes of one MS patient. An explant of this patient's brain tissue developed a cytopathic effect that was preventable by pretreatment with an antimeasles serum (Field, 1972). Additionally, in one study, measles virus-specific RNA has been detected by in situ hybridization in brain material of patients (Haase et al, 1981).…”

Section: A Viruses Associated With Mutiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 94%

Role of viruses in etiology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Soldan

Jacobson

2001

Advances in Virus Research

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“…The biological importance of this property has been recently emphasized by the extensive evidence obtained in many laboratories that a fatal neurological disease of man, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSP E), has been shown to be caused by persistent infection with measles virus. In addition, evidence raising the question of involvement of paramyxoviruses in the etiology of other chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis has also been obtained, including reports of elevated antibody levels to measles virus in patients with this disease, the findings of structures resembling para myxovirus nucleocapsids in brain cells, and the isolation of measles and parainfluenza viruses from such cells (Adams and Imagawa, 1962;Prineas, 1972;ter Meulen et aI., 1972a;Field et al, 1972). A review of the extensive literature on this question is not within the scope of this chapter, but the proven involvement of measles virus in SSPE alone indicates that persistent infection by paramyxoviruses in vitro has its counterpart in disease of the whole organism.…”

Section: General Biological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%