Visceral Lesions in Wild Carnivores Naturally Infected with <i>Spirocerca lupi</i>

Pence, Danny B.; Stone, James

doi:10.1177/030098587801500306

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Despite the importance of S. lupi in causing dysphasia, vomiting, oesophageal neoplasia, aortic aneurysm or rupture, and secondary pulmonary osteoarthropathy, only epidemiological and pathological studies have been completed with this parasite (Kutzer and Burtscher 1967;Murray 1968;Chowdhury and Pande 1969;Talbot 1971;Bailey 1972;Wandera 1976;Pence and Stone 1978;Stephens et al 1983;Hamir 1984Hamir , 1986Schroeder and Berry 1998;Berry 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning electron microscopic observations on adult Spirocerca lupi (Nematoda: Spirurida, Thelaziidae)

Naem

2004

Parasitology Research

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Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface ultrastructure of adult worms of Spirocerca lupi. At the anterior end of both sexes, the mouth is hexagonal, without definite lips. Around the mouth, two pairs of submedian cephalic papillae and two lateral amphids are present. There is a pair of lateral cervical papillae. At the anterior end of the body, on the ventral side, an excretory pore is seen. In the female, the vulva is located anteriorly and the tail is blunt, with a pair of subterminal phasmids. The male tail is spiral, with four pairs of preanal papillae, a single large median preanal papilla on the anterior lip of the cloacal aperture, two pairs of postanal papillae, four pairs of tiny papillae near the tip of the tail and two subterminal phasmids. The cuticle shows an abnormal tumour-like mass in two cases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning electron microscopic observations on adult Spirocerca lupi (Nematoda: Spirurida, Thelaziidae)

Naem

2004

Parasitology Research

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“…The S. lupi -associated aortic pathology present in jackals is largely similar to that described in dogs, namely intimal thickening, aneurysm formation and dystrophic mineralization as a result of elastic fiber damage within the tunica media, with eventual fibrous replacement and ossification with hematopoietic tissue formation [ 3 , 4 , 15 , 26 ]. These characteristics were also described in wild carnivores from the northern hemisphere [ 32 ]. The most striking difference between the S. lupi -associated aortic pathology in dogs and jackals is the predominance of eosinophils within larval tracts in the jackals’ aortas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Spirocercosis has been reported in a variety of wild carnivores, including the coyote ( Canis latrans), wolf ( Canis lupus ), red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ), grey fox ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus ), neotropical bush dog ( Speothos venaticus ), bobcat ( Felis rufus ) and cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus) [ 4 , 12 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 38 ]. S. lupi- induced aortic lesions were found in 123 of 150 (82%) coyotes, 23 of 66 (35%) bobcats, one of five (20%) grey foxes and one of two (50%) red foxes examined in West Texas from 1973 to 1977 [ 32 ]. The larvae were identified as S. lupi by microscopy, which has low specificity [ 39 ] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping and comparative pathology of Spirocerca in black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) in South Africa

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe pathology of spirocercosis, a disease caused by the infestation of carnivores with the nematode Spirocerca lupi, has been extensively described in domestic dogs and coyotes. However, it has not been described in wild carnivores in South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether black-backed jackals are a host for Spirocerca species and to provide a detailed description of the associated pathology. Jackals were also stratified according to age and the Spirocerca species recovered were characterized using molecular techniques.MethodsStandard necropsies were performed on routinely culled jackals from three of the nine provinces of South Africa during the period June 2012 to February 2013. Jackals were screened for the presence of pathognomonic Spirocerca-induced lesions and for evidence of aberrant migration. Relevant samples were submitted for histopathology and collected larvae were genotyped at nine microsatellite loci.Results Spirocerca lupi-associated aortic lesions were found in 16 of 93 (17%) black-backed jackals. Of these, four (25%) were associated with S. lupi larvae. Genotyping of the larvae revealed amplification of all nine loci that amplified dog-derived S. lupi, with the same level of polymorphism in the allele size ranges. Only 1 of 93 jackals had an esophageal nodule with concurrent S. lupi-induced aortic aneurysms. The single esophageal nodule found did not contain adult nematodes, nor did it communicate with the esophageal lumen. None of the jackals that were examined had macroscopically evident spondylitis, which is frequently reported in the dog.Histopathology of the S. lupi-induced aortic lesions in the jackal revealed replacement of elastic and smooth muscle fibers by fibrous connective tissue. In cases where inflammation was present, the inflammatory infiltrate consisted predominantly of eosinophils. The single esophageal nodule histologically resembled the early inflammatory nodule described in dogs and consisted of fibrous connective tissue, multifocal accumulation of lymphocytes, plasma cells and rare hemosiderin-laden macrophages.ConclusionsThese lesions suggest that the life cycle of S. lupi may not or only rarely be completed in jackals. A possible explanation might be that jackals are relatively resistant to developing significant pathology associated with S. lupi-infection. However, before any conclusions can be drawn, many more jackals, including those that die naturally will have to be investigated for evidence of S. lupi infection.

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“…Tumor like nodules that may extend to a diameter of 4 cm are found in submucosa of the esophagus and adventitia or media of the aorta. These nodules are composed of neutrophils and macrophages around the parasite in the middle and surrounded by a thick capsule made of connective tissue (2,6,7,8,13). Fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma cases are associated in animals with Spirocercosis.…”

Section: Bir Köpekte Spiroserkozis Olgusumentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirocercosis in a dog

KUTSAL¹

2007

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary:Pathological findings in spirocercosis encountered in a female, 7 months old, mongrel dog which was found dead in a heavily forested area and brought to the Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Ankara University to be necropsied with toxication suspicion by the Directorship Branch Office of Nature Protection and National Parks of Ankara Province are described. At necropsy, 23 independent, 0.8-1 cm diametered nodules which were hard in consistency and showed ash-gray whitish color and had red string-like material in the center of the cut surface that were diffusely located on mesenterium mainly close to curvatura major of the stomach are observed. At jejenum, under serosa another nodule with the same characteristics is seen. Another three masses that were able to be seen even from the serosa of the stomach are encountered. At the part of aorta that is close to the apertura thoracis cranialis numerous nodules with the same characteristics are found. In histopathological examination of the nodules that were taken from aorta, mesenterium, stomach and the intestine, granulomas consisted of parasite (Spirocerca lupi) in the center and was surrounded by necrotic tissue and cellular infiltrations of mainly eosinophil and neutrophil leukocytes with plasma cells, macrophages and lymphocytes are observed in tunica adventitia of aorta, under serosa in the intestine and mesenterium as solid nodules. It is also observed that cellular infiltration was surrounded by connective tissue.

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Visceral Lesions in Wild Carnivores Naturally Infected with Spirocerca lupi

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Scanning electron microscopic observations on adult Spirocerca lupi (Nematoda: Spirurida, Thelaziidae)

Scanning electron microscopic observations on adult Spirocerca lupi (Nematoda: Spirurida, Thelaziidae)

Genotyping and comparative pathology of Spirocerca in black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) in South Africa

Spirocercosis in a dog

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