Viscosity Model for Liquid Mixtures of Propylene Glycol, Glycerol, and Water

Spann, Andrew; Hancock, Matthew; Rostami, Ali; Platt, Sean P.; Rusyniak, M.; Sundar, Rangaraj S.; Lau, Raymond W.; Pithawalla, Yezdi B.

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00379

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As it can be discerned from Figure 4 , the proposed stretched exponential model renders the experimental η data adequately and this model is also capable of describing the η–X w,Escorene relationships with a wide range of X w,Escorene values. Interestingly, in other chemical systems, single exponential relationships were found between the viscosity and composition, such as in the case of the dimer–trimers of hexamethylene–diisocyanate [ 22 ] and the terner system of propylene glycol, glycerol and water [ 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Investment Casting Wax Patterns for 3D-Printing: Their Rheological and Mechanical Characterizations

et al. 2022

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The mechanical and rheological characterizations of flexible investment casting patterns capable of 3D printing are reported. The wax pattern was composed of microcrystalline hydrocarbon wax (DMW7478), Piccotex 75 (a copolymer of α–methyl–styrene and vinyl toluene with a 75/25 molar ratio, respectively) and Escorene (a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate with a 72/28 mass ratio, respectively). It was found that in order to obtain a wax pattern with appreciable mechanical properties, the content of the microcrystalline hydrocarbon wax in these blends should not exceed 30% (m/m). Thus, a series of patterns with 28% (m/m) wax and varying Piccotex and Escorene contents spanning from 0 to 72% (m/m) was prepared. The dependence of the dynamic viscosities of the wax patterns on the composition was described using a stretched exponential model, whereas their variations with the temperature were interpreted in terms of the Arrhenius–Guzman equation. Furthermore, the slopes of the lines fitted to the viscosity versus temperature curves at the pour point decreased linearly with the Piccotex content. Non-Newtonian changes in the shear stress with the shear rate and shear stress crystallization were observed at temperatures near the pour points. The mechanical properties were evaluated using the uniaxial tensile mode and by three-point bending experiments. It was found that the stress (σ) versus the relative elongation (ε) curves can effectively be rendered by means of the standard linear solid (SLS) viscoelastic model. In addition, it was also established that the Young’s modulus varied according to a sigmoid-type curve with the piccotex content, while the yield stress decreased linearly with the concentration of Piccotex. In addition, based on the spooling suitability and printability, the patterns were rated and it was found that the most appropriate wax pattern compositions for 3D printing were those which contained 30% (m/m) and 35% (m/m) Piccotex.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Investment Casting Wax Patterns for 3D-Printing: Their Rheological and Mechanical Characterizations

et al. 2022

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“…The effects of surfactants on the bubble dynamics have been shown to be negligible when the bubble is large enough 26,28,30 , like those considered in Case 3, as will be shown later. The physical properties of the mixtures were measured in the laboratory and compared to the-oretical data [55][56][57][58] . The temperature was continuously registered and the fluid properties were tested for the whole range of temperature during the experiments using a Brookfield DV3TLVCJ0 rheometer, a Krüss K20 force tensiometer, and a Mettler Toledo Density2Go…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bubble rising near a vertical wall: Experimental characterization of paths and velocity

Estepa-Cantero,

Martínez-Bazán,

Bolaños-Jiménez

2024

Preprint

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The trajectories of a single bubble rising in the vicinity of a vertical solid wall are experimentally investigated. Distinct initial wall-bubble distances are considered for three different bubble rising regimes, i.e. rectilinear, planar zigzag, and spiral. The problem is defined by three control parameters, namely the Galilei number, Ga, the Bond number, Bo, and the initial dimensionless distance between the bubble centroid and the wall, L. We focus on high-Bond numbers, varying L from 1 to 4, and compare the results with the corresponding unbounded case L → ∞ . In all cases, the bubble deviates from the expected unbounded trajectory and migrates away from the wall as it rises due to the overpressure generated in the gap between the bubble and the wall. This repulsion is more evident as the initial wall-bubble distance decreases. Moreover, in the planar zigzagging regime, the wall is found to impose a preferential zigzagging plane perpendicular to it when L is small enough. Only slight wall effects are observed in the velocity or the oscillation amplitude and frequency. The wall migration effect is more evident for the planar zigzagging case and less relevant for the rectilinear one. Finally, the influence of the vertical position of the wall is also investigated. When the wall is not present upon release, the bubbles have the expected behavior for the unbounded case and experience the migration only instants before reaching the wall edge. This repulsion is, in general, more substantial than in the initially-present-wall case.

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“…28,32 However, the complexity of turbulent flow due to multiple inlets, makes it difficult to predict the mixing parameters requiring optimization of several process variables. 33 CIJ mixer contains only two inlets (one inlet for an aqueous phase and one inlet for an organic phase) allowing the highest level of control over nanoparticle fabrication. Interestingly, the CIJ mixer's suitability to self-assemble ionizable lipid nanoparticles encapsulating nucleic acids such as mRNA or siRNA has not been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flash nanoprecipitation assisted self-assembly of ionizable lipid nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery

Misra,

Hughes,

Pentz

et al. 2024

Nanoscale

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Viscosity Model for Liquid Mixtures of Propylene Glycol, Glycerol, and Water

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Flexible Investment Casting Wax Patterns for 3D-Printing: Their Rheological and Mechanical Characterizations

Flexible Investment Casting Wax Patterns for 3D-Printing: Their Rheological and Mechanical Characterizations

Bubble rising near a vertical wall: Experimental characterization of paths and velocity

Flash nanoprecipitation assisted self-assembly of ionizable lipid nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery

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