“…Frontiers in Chemistry frontiersin.org gap, good charge transportability and p-type semiconducting nature (Cao et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2023). Moreover, the successful contribution of Co 3 O 4 in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of CeO 2 , g-C 3 N 4 , TiO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 while generating photoexcitons' separation is well established (Ranjith et al, 2019;Niu et al, 2022;Reena et al, 2022). Previously, rare studies are available for the removal of imidacloprid over MoO 3 -based photocatalysts (Adabavazeh et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021).…”