Visible light communications in intelligent transportation systems

Kumar, Navin; Lourenço, Nuno; Terra, Domingos; Alves, Luís Nero; Aguiar, Rui L.

doi:10.1109/ivs.2012.6232282

Cited by 88 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It may be implemented using different communication technologies including radio frequency (RF), infrared, and laser technology to mention only three. Traffic security is also among the most explored outdoor VLC applications . It has two main scenarios: (1) R2V communications and (2) V2V communications.…”

Section: Prominent Outdoor Vlc Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of outdoor visible light communications

Ndjiongue

Ferreira

2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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In visible light communication (VLC) technology, the outdoor applications are less explored when compared to those indoors. This is due to the fact that: (1) the dual use of light‐emitting diodes is not always practicable in the outdoor VLC environment; (2) the level of interference and noise is considerably higher in outdoor VLC; (3) many other communication technologies are available to be used which, due to their specific characteristics, adapt better to the outdoor environment when compared to VLC technology. Nevertheless, several outdoor VLC applications have been identified. They include and are not limited to building‐to‐building, vehicle‐to‐vehicle, and road‐to‐vehicle communications. Deploying light fidelity (Li‐Fi) using street and park lights is also feasible. Finally, some applications exploit the ability of solar panels to simultaneously harvest the electrical energy and serve as a VLC receiving antenna. The implementation of these communication systems faces lots of challenges. Most of them are related to environmental factors such as fog, rain, sunlight, haze, snow, dust, and atmospheric disturbances. Some challenges are based on parameters such as the geometrical aspect of the light diffusion, which is Lambertian in most cases. These challenges contribute to lower interest in outdoor VLC to date. However, the environment presents several opportunities. In this article, we explore the outdoor VLC environment, review, and present some promising applications selected from the literature. Furthermore, we underline likely research opportunities based on the actual state‐of‐the‐art and our outdoor VLC characterization experiments.

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Section: Prominent Outdoor Vlc Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of outdoor visible light communications

Ndjiongue

Ferreira

2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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“…Compared with OOK, PPM and I-PPM can achieve higher data rates but require more bandwidth, higher peak power and are more sensitive to noise. In order to reduce the effect of the noise, the use of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) sequence inverse keying (SIK) has been investigated and implemented [3]. This type of coding has error detecting capabilities and enables multiple transmitters.…”

Section: Modulation Techniques Used In Vlcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VLC allows for Infrastructure-to-Vehicle (I2V) and for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications (see [3,4] and [5,6]). Enabling intervehicle communication may substantially improve the safety and the efficiency of the transportation system, addressing up to 81% of all-vehicle crashes [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miller code usage in Visible Light Communications under the PHY I layer of the IEEE 802.15.7 standard

Căilean

Cagneau

Chassagne

et al. 2014

2014 10th International Conference on Communications (COMM)

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This paper approaches the issues concerning the usage of the delay modulation as a coding technique used for outdoor Visible Light Communications (VLC) under PHY I layer of the IEEE 802.15.7 standard. We perform a comparative analysis between the Manchester code, as a traditional code, specified by the upper mentioned standard and the Miller code as a possible candidate for outdoor MIMO applications. Simulation and experimental results are provided, offering an overview over the multi-channel, flickering and Bit Error Ratio (BER) performances.

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“…The visible-light-based communication has been in the spotlight in the fields of indoor hospital communication systems, indoor navigation systems, intelligent transportation systems, and machine-to-machine communication systems [3][4][5][6][7]. The visible light is safer than any other wireless communication technologies regarding the security issue due to its line-of-sight propagation that cannot penetrate walls [8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible Light Identification System for Smart Door Lock Application with Small Area Outdoor Interface

Song

Nam

2017

Current Optics and Photonics

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Visible light identification (VLID) is a user identification system for a door lock application using smartphone that adopts visible light communication (VLC) technology with the objective of high security, small form factor, and cost effectiveness. The user is verified by the identification application program of a smartphone via fingerprint recognition or password entry. If the authentication succeeds, the corresponding encoded visible light signals are transmitted by a light emitting diode (LED) camera flash. Then, only a small size and low cost photodiode as an outdoor interface converts the light signal to the digital data along with a comparator, and runs the authentication process, and releases the lock. VLID can utilize powerful state-of-the-art hardware and software of smartphones. Furthermore, the door lock system is allowed to be easily upgraded with advanced technologies without its modification and replacement. It can be upgraded by just update the software of smartphone application or replacing the smartphone with the latest one. Additionally, wireless connection between a smartphone and a smart home hub is established automatically via Bluetooth for updating the password and controlling the home devices. In this paper, we demonstrate a prototype VLID door lock system that is built up with LEGO blocks, a photodiode, a comparator circuit, Bluetooth module, and FPGA board.

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Visible light communications in intelligent transportation systems

Cited by 88 publications

References 5 publications

An overview of outdoor visible light communications

An overview of outdoor visible light communications

Miller code usage in Visible Light Communications under the PHY I layer of the IEEE 802.15.7 standard

Visible Light Identification System for Smart Door Lock Application with Small Area Outdoor Interface

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