Visiting Friends and Relatives

Behrens, Ron H; Leder, Karin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-54696-6.00032-x

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 67 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fourth, data on demographics and travel that we included in our models should be assumed as a proxy. Travelers visiting friends and relatives often undertake last-minute travel, may stay for longer periods than other groups of visitors, live in close proximity to local populations, and may therefore be at a higher risk for infection by several pathogens, and particularly vector-borne viruses [66]. Unfortunately, data on foreign-born residents are provided by ISTAT as an aggregate information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue Fever in Italy: The “Eternal Return” of an Emerging Arboviral Disease

Riccò

Peruzzi

Balzarini³

et al. 2022

TropicalMed

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enhanced surveillance for dengue virus (DENV) infections in Italy has been implemented since 2012, with annual reports from the National Health Institute. In this study, we summarize available evidence on the epidemiology of officially notified DENV infections from 2010–2021. In total, 1043 DENV infection cases were diagnosed, and most of them occurred in travelers, with only 11 autochthonous cases. The annual incidence rates of DENV infections peaked during 2019 with 0.277 cases per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.187–0.267), (age-adjusted incidence rate: 0.328, 95% CI 0.314–0.314). Cases of DENV were clustered during the summer months of July (11.4%), August (19.3%), and September (12.7%). The areas characterized by higher notification rates were north-western (29.0%), and mostly north-eastern Italy (41.3%). The risk for DENV infection in travelers increased in the time period 2015–2019 (risk ratio [RR] 1.808, 95% CI 1.594–2.051) and even during 2020–2021 (RR 1.771, 95% CI 1.238–2.543). Higher risk for DENV was additionally reported in male subjects compared with females subjects, and aged 25 to 44 years, and in individuals from northern and central Italy compared to southern regions and islands. In a multivariable Poisson regression model, the increased number of travelers per 100 inhabitants (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.065, 95% CI 1.036–1.096), the incidence in other countries (IRR 1.323, 95% CI 1.165–1.481), the share of individuals aged 25 to 44 years (IRR 1.622, 95% CI 1.338–1.968), and foreign-born residents (IRR 2.717, 95% CI 1.555–3.881), were identified as effectors of annual incidence. In summary, although the circulation of DENV remains clustered among travelers, enhanced surveillance is vital for the early detection of human cases and the prompt implementation of response measures.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue Fever in Italy: The “Eternal Return” of an Emerging Arboviral Disease

Riccò

Peruzzi

Balzarini³

et al. 2022

TropicalMed

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1,5,6 Many excellent resources, most of which are accessible online, provide pretravel advice for pediatricians (Box 8.1). The entire itinerary for the trip should be reviewed, including destinations, time and duration of travel, types of accommodation, activities, and potential exposure to insects and animals.…”

Section: General Advicementioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of Travelers

Schwartz¹,

Keystone²

2018

Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…International travel has been increasing globally, and in Canada there has been consecutive year-over-year increases since 2012 [12]. VFR travel contributes a substantial amount of tourism worldwide with up to 50% of travel to certain regions by VFR travelers [2,13]. In the recent definition by the Migration Health Sub-Committee of the International Society of Travel Medicine, 'a VFR traveler is a traveler whose primary purpose is travel to visit friends or relatives, where there is a gradient of epidemiological risk between home and destination'…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, travelers may engage in high-risk behaviours including unprotected sex and illicit drug use while abroad and expose themselves to additional infectious risks from sexually transmitted infections [1]. Any traveler, including people returning to their home country to visit friends and relatives (VFR) may underestimate risks associated with travel [2]. As a group, VFRs experience higher incidences of travel-related infectious diseases which is partially a result of broader risk exposures such as staying in homes and living the local lifestyle and also considering themselves immune to certain travel-related infectious diseases [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any traveler, including people returning to their home country to visit friends and relatives (VFR) may underestimate risks associated with travel [2]. As a group, VFRs experience higher incidences of travel-related infectious diseases which is partially a result of broader risk exposures such as staying in homes and living the local lifestyle and also considering themselves immune to certain travel-related infectious diseases [2,3]. Lastly, underlying medical conditions may predispose an individual to more severe outcomes after certain infections that are acquired abroad including malaria and salmonella.…”

Visiting Friends and Relatives

Cited by 9 publications

References 67 publications

Dengue Fever in Italy: The “Eternal Return” of an Emerging Arboviral Disease

Dengue Fever in Italy: The “Eternal Return” of an Emerging Arboviral Disease

Protection of Travelers

Untitled

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About