Visual attention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder before and after stimulant treatment

Low, Ann-Marie; Vangkilde, Signe; Sommer, Julijana le; Fagerlund, Birgitte; Glenthøj, Birte; Jepsen, Jens Richardt Møllegaard; Bundesen, Claus; Petersen, Anders; Habekost, Thomas

doi:10.1017/s0033291718003628

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Maruta et al (2017) reported that patients with ADHD performed more poorly than controls on visual tracking and simple reaction time tasks, even when on medication. Low et al (2019) also reported significant slower processing speed levels for individuals with ADHD, but those differences were reduced to trend level after excluding a subgroup of ADHD patients positive for dyslexia. Separately, for the trail Making Test part A, Tatar and Cansiz (2019) reported no group differences on Trail A time (p > 0.05).…”

Section: Attention and Processing Speedmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cognitive characterization of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by domains: a systematic review

2021

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is reportedly the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed during childhood, and it is recognized as a common condition in adulthood. We review the evidence to help identify cognitive domains associated to deficits in adult ADHD. A systematic review with narrative synthesis was performed, assessing studies on adult ADHD, neuropsychology and research on involved cognitive domains in adults 18+ years old with an established diagnosis of ADHD, in seven electronic databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, WebOfScience, Embase, Scopus, OvidSPMedline, and Teseo), and Worldcat and OpenGrey grey literature databases. 93 studies were included for this review, encompassing findings from a total 5574 adults diagnosed only with ADHD, medication-naïve or non-medicated at the moment of the assessment and 4880 healthy controls. Adults diagnosed with ADHD may show, when compared to healthy controls, a cognitive profile characterized by deficits across all attention modalities, processing speed, executive function (mainly working memory and inhibition with emphasis on reward delay and interference control), verbal memory, reading skills, social cognition and arithmetic abilities. A cognitive characterization of adult ADHD by domains is established beyond the sole consideration of attention and executive function problems. Along with these, verbal memory, language (mainly reading), social cognition and arithmetic abilities may also contribute to a more comprehensive characterization of the cognitive profile in adult ADHD.

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Section: Attention and Processing Speedmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cognitive characterization of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by domains: a systematic review

2021

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“…Therefore, lower GMV of the identified clusters in never-medicated patients with ADHD may exclude one alternative explanation that lower GMV was caused secondarily by medication, while comparable GMV between medicated patients and TD controls suggests medication may have a remedial effect for ADHD on brain structure, which provides a possible neuroanatomical basis for the behavioral improvement in visual attention by stimulant treatment for ADHD (68).…”

Section: Medication Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Neural Correlates of the Dual-Pathway Model for ADHD in Adolescents

Shen

Luo

Jia

et al. 2020

AJP

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The dual pathway model has been proposed to explain the heterogeneity in symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by two independent psychological pathways based on distinct brain circuits. The authors aimed to test whether the hypothesized cognitive and motivational pathways had separable neural correlates.Method: Using a longitudinally community-based cohort of 1,963 adolescents, the neuroanatomical correlates of ADHD were identified by a voxel-wise association analysis, and then validated using an independent clinical sample (99 never-medicated patients with ADHD, 56 medicated patients with ADHD and 267 heathy controls). The cognitive and motivational pathways were assessed by neuropsychological tests of working memory (WM), intra-subject variability (ISV), stop signal reaction time and delay discounting (DD). The associations were tested between the identified neuroanatomical correlates and both the ADHD symptoms 2 years later and the polygenic risk score for ADHD.Results: Gray matter volumes (GMV) of both a prefrontal cluster and a posterior-occipital cluster were negatively associated with inattention. Compared with healthy controls, never-medicated, but not medicated patients had significantly lower GMVs in these two clusters. WM and ISV were associated with the posterior-occipital cluster while DD was independently associated with both clusters. The baseline GMV of the posterior-occipital cluster predicted the inattention symptoms in a 2-year followup and was associated with the genetic risk for ADHD. Conclusions:The dual pathway model has both shared and separable neuroanatomical correlates, and the shared correlate in the occipital cortex has a potential to serve as an imaging trait marker of ADHD, especially the inattention symptom domain.

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“…The characteristics of individuals with ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity [ 4 ]. Many children with ADHD continue to show symptoms in adolescence and adulthood, frequently struggling with various aspects of their lives [ 5 , 6 ]. ADHD in adults has historically been underdiagnosed and has received less research attention than childhood ADHD [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electroretinogram b-wave amplitude: a differential physiological measure for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Lee

Skuse

Constable

et al. 2022

J Neurodevelop Disord

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Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent childhood neurodevelopmental disorder. It shares some genetic risk with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and the conditions often occur together. Both are potentially associated with abnormal glutamate and GABA neurotransmission, which can be modelled by measuring the synaptic activity in the retina with an electroretinogram (ERG). Reduction of retinal responses in ASD has been reported, but little is known about retinal activity in ADHD. In this study, we compared the light-adapted ERGs of individuals with ADHD, ASD and controls to investigate whether retinal responses differ between these neurodevelopmental conditions. Methods Full field light-adapted ERGs were recorded from 15 ADHD, 57 ASD (without ADHD) and 59 control participants, aged from 5.4 to 27.3 years old. A Troland protocol was used with a random series of nine flash strengths from −0.367 to 1.204 log photopic cd.s.m−2. The time-to-peak and amplitude of the a- and b-waves and the parameters of the Photopic Negative Response (PhNR) were compared amongst the three groups of participants, using generalised estimating equations. Results Statistically significant elevations of the ERG b-wave amplitudes, PhNR responses and faster timings of the b-wave time-to-peak were found in those with ADHD compared with both the control and ASD groups. The greatest elevation in the b-wave amplitudes associated with ADHD were observed at 1.204 log phot cd.s.m−2 flash strength (p < .0001), at which the b-wave amplitude in ASD was significantly lower than that in the controls. Using this measure, ADHD could be distinguished from ASD with an area under the curve of 0.88. Conclusions The ERG b-wave amplitude appears to be a distinctive differential feature for both ADHD and ASD, which produced a reversed pattern of b-wave responses. These findings imply imbalances between glutamate and GABA neurotransmission which primarily regulate the b-wave formation. Abnormalities in the b-wave amplitude could provisionally serve as a biomarker for both neurodevelopmental conditions.

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Visual attention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder before and after stimulant treatment

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Cognitive characterization of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by domains: a systematic review

Cognitive characterization of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by domains: a systematic review

Neural Correlates of the Dual-Pathway Model for ADHD in Adolescents

The electroretinogram b-wave amplitude: a differential physiological measure for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

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