Visual attentional disturbance with unilateral lesions in the basal ganglia and deep white matter

Sakashita, Yoshiharu

doi:10.1002/ana.410300507

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To conclude, the current study and previous ones using RTs (e.g., Anderson et al, 2000;Laeng et al, 2002;Marzi et al, 2002;Sakashita, 1991;Smania et al, 1998) suggest that examination of stroke patients for the existence of unilateral neglect using traditional paper-and-pencil tests should be supplemented with measurement of RTs and accuracy in two dimensions (at least). The SNT presented here provides a powerful yet simple tool for clinicians, as well as researchers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 62%

Assessment of spatial attention after brain damage with a dynamic reaction time test

Deouell

Sacher

Soroker

2005

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

101

112

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Lateralized spatial biases after brain damage are commonly assessed using batteries of paper-and-pencil tests. These tests hardly allow quantification of performance in different locations in space, and they tend to lose sensitivity along the course of recovery. We tested the dynamic Starry Night Test (SNT), a novel computerized test measuring reaction time and detection accuracy for visual target stimuli in a dynamic background, in 32 inpatients with right hemisphere stroke (RHS), 16 patients with left hemisphere stroke (LHS), and 9 healthy controls. As a group, only the RHS patients were significantly slower to respond to contralesional targets. Individually, 21 (66%) RHS patients and 5 (31%) LHS patients showed statistically significant contralateral deficits. In a number of RHS patients the SNT was more sensitive to the ipsilesional bias of spatial attention than the Behavioral Inattention Test (BIT), a standardized paper-and-pencil test battery of unilateral spatial neglect. Two illustrative case reports show that the dynamic SNT, but not the BIT, was sensitive to the spatial deficit in recovered patients, one of whom was involved in repeated car accidents. The SNT overcomes serious shortcomings of paper-and-pencil tests of unilateral neglect. It provides a simple quantitative tool for monitoring the natural and treatment-induced recovery of patients.

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mentioning

confidence: 62%

Assessment of spatial attention after brain damage with a dynamic reaction time test

Deouell

Sacher

Soroker

2005

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

101

112

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“…The visual attention task31 was run on a personal computer and took place in a dimly illuminated room. Each patient was instructed to sit 60 to 80 cm in front of the computer screen comfortably with the eyes and the body aligned to the center of the screen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These quotients represent the allocation of attention in the absence of stimulation‐influenced baseline RTs. The procedure is very sensitive to spatial attentional deficits; moreover, it is quantitative 31…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After overnight withdrawal of L ‐dopa, patients were pseudorandomly assigned to one of the stimulation conditions. Patients performed a line bisection and a reaction time task responding to stimuli of the middle, the left, and the right extrapersonal space developed by Sakashita 31. A separate assessment of the right and left hand responding to visual stimuli in each hemispace made it possible to distinguish hemispatial and hemimotor impairments.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Subthalamic nucleus influences spatial orientation in extrapersonal space

Witt¹,

Kopper²,

Deuschl³

et al. 2006

Movement Disorders

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While the role of frontal and parietal cortex in spatial orientation has been studied extensively, the contribution of the basal ganglia and especially the subthalamic nucleus to spatial orientation remains less clear. Here we use subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) as a reversible model of functional lesioning to evaluate the influence of the STN in extrapersonal space orientation. To this end, 12 PD patients were examined 1 year after implantation of DBS electrodes in the STN after overnight withdrawal of L-dopa. Patients were tested in a pseudorandomized order while both stimulators, the right only, the left only, or no stimulator, were switched on. Patients performed line bisection and a reaction time task responding to stimuli of the middle, the left, and the right extrapersonal space. A separate assessment of the right and left hand responding to visual stimuli in each hemispace made it possible to distinguish hemispatial and hemimotor impairments. No asymmetries in space orientation were found when both stimulators were switched OFF, when both stimulators were switched ON, and when only the right stimulator was switched ON. When only the left subthalamic stimulation was switched ON, the reaction times of both hands to visual stimuli in the left extrapersonal hemispace increased significantly and the line bisection test showed a significant orientation to the right. These results lead to the conclusion that the STN and its cortical projections influence the network involved in visuospatial orientation. These patterns of symptoms of neglect demonstrate the influence of the STN on the attentional system of the nondominant hemisphere.

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“…They neglect events occurring in the contralateral portion of the extrapersonal space, and neglect encompasses a variety of deficits, which may be motor, sensory, cognitive, or attentional in nature (for reviews, see Bisley and Goldberg, 2010; Corbetta and Shulman, 2011). Spatial neglect also occurs in patients with frontal cortical dysfunction and/or basal ganglia damage (see Fuster, 2008 for review; alsoDamasio et al, 1980; Sakashita, 1991; Corbetta and Shulman, 2011). Vestibular caloric stimulation reduces, in a specific manner, neglect in mental images of representational space (Rode and Perenin, 1994; Pizzamiglio et al, 1995) as well as somatosensory and visuo-spatial hemi-neglect (Vallar et al, 1993, 1995).…”

Section: Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular-Related Frontal Cortical Areas and Their Roles in Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements: Representation of Neck Velocity, Neck-Vestibular Interactions, and Memory-Based Smooth-Pursuit

Fukushima¹,

Fukushima²,

Warabi³

2011

Front. Neur.

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Smooth-pursuit eye movements are voluntary responses to small slow-moving objects in the fronto-parallel plane. They evolved in primates, who possess high-acuity foveae, to ensure clear vision about the moving target. The primate frontal cortex contains two smooth-pursuit related areas; the caudal part of the frontal eye fields (FEF) and the supplementary eye fields (SEF). Both areas receive vestibular inputs. We review functional differences between the two areas in smooth-pursuit. Most FEF pursuit neurons signal pursuit parameters such as eye velocity and gaze-velocity, and are involved in canceling the vestibulo-ocular reflex by linear addition of vestibular and smooth-pursuit responses. In contrast, gaze-velocity signals are rarely represented in the SEF. Most FEF pursuit neurons receive neck velocity inputs, while discharge modulation during pursuit and trunk-on-head rotation adds linearly. Linear addition also occurs between neck velocity responses and vestibular responses during head-on-trunk rotation in a task-dependent manner. During cross-axis pursuit–vestibular interactions, vestibular signals effectively initiate predictive pursuit eye movements. Most FEF pursuit neurons discharge during the interaction training after the onset of pursuit eye velocity, making their involvement unlikely in the initial stages of generating predictive pursuit. Comparison of representative signals in the two areas and the results of chemical inactivation during a memory-based smooth-pursuit task indicate they have different roles; the SEF plans smooth-pursuit including working memory of motion–direction, whereas the caudal FEF generates motor commands for pursuit eye movements. Patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease were asked to perform this task, since impaired smooth-pursuit and visual working memory deficit during cognitive tasks have been reported in most patients. Preliminary results suggested specific roles of the basal ganglia in memory-based smooth-pursuit.

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Visual attentional disturbance with unilateral lesions in the basal ganglia and deep white matter

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Assessment of spatial attention after brain damage with a dynamic reaction time test

Assessment of spatial attention after brain damage with a dynamic reaction time test

Subthalamic nucleus influences spatial orientation in extrapersonal space

Vestibular-Related Frontal Cortical Areas and Their Roles in Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements: Representation of Neck Velocity, Neck-Vestibular Interactions, and Memory-Based Smooth-Pursuit

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